NUR 004 EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Inflammatory Response. Answer: Inflammation is a localized
reaction intended to neutralize, control or eliminate an offending
agent.
Nonspecific response to injured or dead cells
Eliminates invading pathogens
Allows for tissue repair
Occurs in response to infection or injury
Infection is one way to get inflammation but it is not the only way
Can be acute or chronic
That offening agent may be the persons own body
Not specific
A protecting mechanism that responds to injured or dead cells
Usually occurs in healthy tissue adjacent to the dead cells
◉ Stages of Inflammation. Answer: 1st stage: Vascular response
Blood vessel response
2nd stage: Cellular Response
White blood cells
,Reparative phase
They all happen very close together
◉ Vascular Response. Answer: Usually localized to the area of injury
but can be systemic
Momentary vasoconstriction then lots of Vasodilation
Increased permeability of vasculature
Makes it easier for blood and cells to pass through the blood vessel
walls
Increased concentration of blood
Due to the vasoconstriction and permeability
Clotting
Due to platelets rushing to the area that help clot off injury to stop
the bleeding
◉ Cellular Response. Answer: Leukocytes accumulate at site
Due to increased permeability of the blood vessels
Cytokines cause endothelial cells to bind to leukocytes
Cytokines are chemical messengers that tell the brain there is an
injury
Leukocytes travel through the capillary into tissue
,So you have white blood cells fighting infection in the tissue
Leukocytes engulf invading organisms
◉ Exudate. Answer: You get exudate with inflammation
If exudate starts containing bacteria and bacterial debris then it
becomes puss and is a sign of a bacterial infection and becomes part
of your excaudate
Moves into injured area after inflammatory event as part of the
cellular response
Carries
Proteins
Fluid
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Granulocytes
◉ Healthy exudate. Answer: The whole point of it if it is health is to:
Eradicate pathogen
Remove dead tissue debris
Secrete cytokines
Initiate healing
, ◉ Reparative Phase. Answer: Glucose and oxygen travel to site
needing repair
Regeneration depends on the type of cells
Regeneration
Labile
They multiply constantly
So they are relatively easy to regenerate
Ex. Skin cells
Permanent
Does not regenerate
Ex. Neurons
Stable
Regenerate sometimes if there is injury
Takes longer because they do not multiply constantly
Ex. Kidney or liver cells
Replacement
Replacing the tissue that was damaged
◉ Acute Inflammatory Response. Answer: Tissue injury/exposure
and the release of chemical mediators
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Inflammatory Response. Answer: Inflammation is a localized
reaction intended to neutralize, control or eliminate an offending
agent.
Nonspecific response to injured or dead cells
Eliminates invading pathogens
Allows for tissue repair
Occurs in response to infection or injury
Infection is one way to get inflammation but it is not the only way
Can be acute or chronic
That offening agent may be the persons own body
Not specific
A protecting mechanism that responds to injured or dead cells
Usually occurs in healthy tissue adjacent to the dead cells
◉ Stages of Inflammation. Answer: 1st stage: Vascular response
Blood vessel response
2nd stage: Cellular Response
White blood cells
,Reparative phase
They all happen very close together
◉ Vascular Response. Answer: Usually localized to the area of injury
but can be systemic
Momentary vasoconstriction then lots of Vasodilation
Increased permeability of vasculature
Makes it easier for blood and cells to pass through the blood vessel
walls
Increased concentration of blood
Due to the vasoconstriction and permeability
Clotting
Due to platelets rushing to the area that help clot off injury to stop
the bleeding
◉ Cellular Response. Answer: Leukocytes accumulate at site
Due to increased permeability of the blood vessels
Cytokines cause endothelial cells to bind to leukocytes
Cytokines are chemical messengers that tell the brain there is an
injury
Leukocytes travel through the capillary into tissue
,So you have white blood cells fighting infection in the tissue
Leukocytes engulf invading organisms
◉ Exudate. Answer: You get exudate with inflammation
If exudate starts containing bacteria and bacterial debris then it
becomes puss and is a sign of a bacterial infection and becomes part
of your excaudate
Moves into injured area after inflammatory event as part of the
cellular response
Carries
Proteins
Fluid
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
Granulocytes
◉ Healthy exudate. Answer: The whole point of it if it is health is to:
Eradicate pathogen
Remove dead tissue debris
Secrete cytokines
Initiate healing
, ◉ Reparative Phase. Answer: Glucose and oxygen travel to site
needing repair
Regeneration depends on the type of cells
Regeneration
Labile
They multiply constantly
So they are relatively easy to regenerate
Ex. Skin cells
Permanent
Does not regenerate
Ex. Neurons
Stable
Regenerate sometimes if there is injury
Takes longer because they do not multiply constantly
Ex. Kidney or liver cells
Replacement
Replacing the tissue that was damaged
◉ Acute Inflammatory Response. Answer: Tissue injury/exposure
and the release of chemical mediators
