NUR 004 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Seizures- what are they. Answer: Uncontrolled electrical discharge
of neurons within the brain that may cause alterations in LOC or
behaviors
◉ Seizures- types (4). Answer: Tonic-clonic seizures: involve both
tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching or jerking) phases of muscle
activity
Absence: brief, sudden lapses in attention
Aton seizures: sudden loss of muscle strength
Febrile seizures: occur d/t a quick spike in temperature *most
common
◉ Seizures-priority intervention. Answer: Maintain airway and
safety
◉ Seizures- nursing interventions (6). Answer: Maintain positioning
to ensure a patent airway
Suction and oxygen as needed
Ensure safety
Note time and onset of seizures
,Regular dental care to prevent gingival hyperplasia
Teach teratogenicity of the medication to teenager
◉ Seizures- teaching parents when to call EMS (4). Answer: Longer
than 5 minutes
Causes injury
Results in loss of consciousness and/or interruption in breathing
Occurs for the first time
◉ Seizure treatment- medication. Answer: IV lorazepam (Ativan)
◉ Seizure treatment- Vagus Nerve Stimulator indications. Answer:
Child must be above 12 years old
◉ Seizure treatment- Ketogenic diet. Answer: High fat, low carb diet
Promotes the use of ketones as energy instead of glucose
◉ Epilepsy- what is it?. Answer: A chronic disorder characterized by
chronic recurrent seizures (2 or more unprovoked seizures)
◉ Status Epilepticus- what is it?. Answer: Prolonged or clustered
seizures when consciousness does not return between events and
the patient does not have post-ictal phase
, ◉ Status Epilepticus- treatment. Answer: IV lorazepam (Ativan)
◉ Structural defects- preventative patient teaching. Answer:
Importance of folic acid supplements during pregnancy to prevent
defects
◉ Hydrocephalus- what is it?. Answer: Excessive amounts of
cerebrospinal fluid accumulating in the cranial cavity
◉ Hydrocephalus assessment- infants (3). Answer: Bulging
fontanelles
High-pitched cry
Increasing head circumference
◉ Hydrocephalus assessment- toddlers (6). Answer: Sun-setting
eyes
Seizures
Irritability
Papilledema (swelling of optic disc)
Decreased LOC
Balance issues
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Seizures- what are they. Answer: Uncontrolled electrical discharge
of neurons within the brain that may cause alterations in LOC or
behaviors
◉ Seizures- types (4). Answer: Tonic-clonic seizures: involve both
tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching or jerking) phases of muscle
activity
Absence: brief, sudden lapses in attention
Aton seizures: sudden loss of muscle strength
Febrile seizures: occur d/t a quick spike in temperature *most
common
◉ Seizures-priority intervention. Answer: Maintain airway and
safety
◉ Seizures- nursing interventions (6). Answer: Maintain positioning
to ensure a patent airway
Suction and oxygen as needed
Ensure safety
Note time and onset of seizures
,Regular dental care to prevent gingival hyperplasia
Teach teratogenicity of the medication to teenager
◉ Seizures- teaching parents when to call EMS (4). Answer: Longer
than 5 minutes
Causes injury
Results in loss of consciousness and/or interruption in breathing
Occurs for the first time
◉ Seizure treatment- medication. Answer: IV lorazepam (Ativan)
◉ Seizure treatment- Vagus Nerve Stimulator indications. Answer:
Child must be above 12 years old
◉ Seizure treatment- Ketogenic diet. Answer: High fat, low carb diet
Promotes the use of ketones as energy instead of glucose
◉ Epilepsy- what is it?. Answer: A chronic disorder characterized by
chronic recurrent seizures (2 or more unprovoked seizures)
◉ Status Epilepticus- what is it?. Answer: Prolonged or clustered
seizures when consciousness does not return between events and
the patient does not have post-ictal phase
, ◉ Status Epilepticus- treatment. Answer: IV lorazepam (Ativan)
◉ Structural defects- preventative patient teaching. Answer:
Importance of folic acid supplements during pregnancy to prevent
defects
◉ Hydrocephalus- what is it?. Answer: Excessive amounts of
cerebrospinal fluid accumulating in the cranial cavity
◉ Hydrocephalus assessment- infants (3). Answer: Bulging
fontanelles
High-pitched cry
Increasing head circumference
◉ Hydrocephalus assessment- toddlers (6). Answer: Sun-setting
eyes
Seizures
Irritability
Papilledema (swelling of optic disc)
Decreased LOC
Balance issues
