1|Page
TNCC 9TH EDITION FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSWER-
Placement of a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest
rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields
for equal breath sounds.
When capnography measurement reads greater than 45MMHG,
the nurse should consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation
rate? - ANSWER-Increasing the ventilation rate. Doing so would
allow the patient to blow off retained CO2.
When capnography measurement reads less than 35MMHG, the
nurse should consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation
rate? - ANSWER-Decreasing the ventilation rate. By doing so, the
nurse allows the patient to retain CO2.
What are the three stages of shock - ANSWER-Compensated,
decompensated or progressive, and irreversible.
,2|Page
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSWER-Anxiety,
confusion, restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing
pulse pressure were diastolic increases yet systolic remains
unchanged, tachycardia with bounding pulses, and decreased
urinary output
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? -
ANSWER-Decreased level of consciousness, hypertension,
narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea,
skin that is cool clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the
normal range, and serum lactate levels greater than two to
4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? -
ANSWER-Obtunded stuporous or comatose state, marked
hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible
dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory rate, pale cool
and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure, severe
acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on
ABGs, coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
,3|Page
What are the four types of shock? - ANSWER-Hypovolemic,
Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What is the trauma triad of death? - ANSWER-hypothermia,
acidosis, coagulopathy
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSWER-
Obstructive shock is it mechanical problem that results from
hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction in either the
vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output.
Some causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac
tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart
during systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety,
muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty
breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSWER-
Cardiogenic shock results from pump failure in the presence of
adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an
organ perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial
contractility and or valvular insufficiency. This can happen with
blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
, 4|Page
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain
shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool
moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSWER-
Distributive shock occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an
adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone
or increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries,
sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure
heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a
cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER-
Hypovolemia is caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating
volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from
vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure
and preload, increase heart rate respiratory rate and afterload,
with contractility unchanged. Signs include obvious bleeding,
weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin, distended
abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
extremities especially long bones.
TNCC 9TH EDITION FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSWER-
Placement of a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest
rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields
for equal breath sounds.
When capnography measurement reads greater than 45MMHG,
the nurse should consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation
rate? - ANSWER-Increasing the ventilation rate. Doing so would
allow the patient to blow off retained CO2.
When capnography measurement reads less than 35MMHG, the
nurse should consider increasing or decreasing the ventilation
rate? - ANSWER-Decreasing the ventilation rate. By doing so, the
nurse allows the patient to retain CO2.
What are the three stages of shock - ANSWER-Compensated,
decompensated or progressive, and irreversible.
,2|Page
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSWER-Anxiety,
confusion, restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing
pulse pressure were diastolic increases yet systolic remains
unchanged, tachycardia with bounding pulses, and decreased
urinary output
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? -
ANSWER-Decreased level of consciousness, hypertension,
narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea,
skin that is cool clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the
normal range, and serum lactate levels greater than two to
4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? -
ANSWER-Obtunded stuporous or comatose state, marked
hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible
dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory rate, pale cool
and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure, severe
acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on
ABGs, coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
,3|Page
What are the four types of shock? - ANSWER-Hypovolemic,
Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What is the trauma triad of death? - ANSWER-hypothermia,
acidosis, coagulopathy
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSWER-
Obstructive shock is it mechanical problem that results from
hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction in either the
vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output.
Some causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac
tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart
during systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety,
muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty
breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSWER-
Cardiogenic shock results from pump failure in the presence of
adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an
organ perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial
contractility and or valvular insufficiency. This can happen with
blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
, 4|Page
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain
shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool
moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSWER-
Distributive shock occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an
adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone
or increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries,
sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure
heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a
cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSWER-
Hypovolemia is caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating
volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from
vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure
and preload, increase heart rate respiratory rate and afterload,
with contractility unchanged. Signs include obvious bleeding,
weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin, distended
abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
extremities especially long bones.
