BIOS 252 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM (2026)
QUESTIONS AND (ELABORATED) WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*left hypochondriac
*epigastric
*right hypochondriac
*left lumbar
*umbilical
*right lumbar
*left inguinal (iliac)
*hypogastric
*right inguinal (iliac)
what are the 11 organ systems - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*nervous
*respiratory
*endocrine
*digestive
*muscular
*reproductive
*circulatory
*integumentary
*skeletal
*lymphatic
*urinary
1|Page
,function of nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>transmits signals from the brain to the
rest of the body
function of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>brings oxygen into the body while
removing carbon dioxide
function of endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>regulates body activities by releasing
harmones
function of digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>break down and absorbs nutrients from
food and liquid and removes waste
function of muscular system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>movement and heat production
function of reproductive system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>creates offspring and releases
hormones to regulate reproduction
function of circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>deliver blood to cells of the body
function of integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*protection
*vitamin D synthesis
*sensation
*thermoregulation
*nonverbal communication
function of lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>to produce, maintain, and distribute
lymphocytes
2|Page
,function of urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*elimination of excess water and waste
*control of pH
definition of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the maintenance of a constant internal
environment
define a negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER >>>changes are met with responses
that restore the balance back to the original state
define a positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER >>>changes are met with responses that
amplify themselves until balance is restored
describe a covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*typically between nonmetals
*form through the sharing of electrons
*there are 2 different types of these bonds: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent
describe a polar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>when one atom in a bond has a
higher electronegativity causing the electrons to be shared unequally
describe an ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*typically between metals and nonmetals
*form through the transfer of electrons
*form between cations (+) and anions (-)
describe a hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>weak bond between a hydrogen atom and
a pair of other atoms that have a high affinity for electrons
describe a synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*occurs when two or more simple
compounds combine to form a more complicated one
3|Page
, *requires energy (endothermic)
describe a decomposition reaction - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*occurs when a complex
molecule breaks down to make simpler ones
*releases energy (exothermic)
define a reactant - CORRECT ANSWER >>>start the reaction
define a product - CORRECT ANSWER >>>what you're left with after a reaction
what are 2 characteristics of an acid - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*willing to give up an H+ ion
*has a ph of <7
what are 2 characteristics of a neutral - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*can function as either an acid
or a base
*has a ph of 7
what are 2 characteristics of a base (alkaline) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*accepts H+ ion
*has a ph >7
what is the ph of blood - CORRECT ANSWER >>>7.35-7.45
function of nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>directs cell activity and contains DNA
function of nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>ribosome synthesis
4|Page
QUESTIONS AND (ELABORATED) WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*left hypochondriac
*epigastric
*right hypochondriac
*left lumbar
*umbilical
*right lumbar
*left inguinal (iliac)
*hypogastric
*right inguinal (iliac)
what are the 11 organ systems - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*nervous
*respiratory
*endocrine
*digestive
*muscular
*reproductive
*circulatory
*integumentary
*skeletal
*lymphatic
*urinary
1|Page
,function of nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>transmits signals from the brain to the
rest of the body
function of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>brings oxygen into the body while
removing carbon dioxide
function of endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>regulates body activities by releasing
harmones
function of digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>break down and absorbs nutrients from
food and liquid and removes waste
function of muscular system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>movement and heat production
function of reproductive system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>creates offspring and releases
hormones to regulate reproduction
function of circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>deliver blood to cells of the body
function of integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*protection
*vitamin D synthesis
*sensation
*thermoregulation
*nonverbal communication
function of lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>to produce, maintain, and distribute
lymphocytes
2|Page
,function of urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*elimination of excess water and waste
*control of pH
definition of homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the maintenance of a constant internal
environment
define a negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER >>>changes are met with responses
that restore the balance back to the original state
define a positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER >>>changes are met with responses that
amplify themselves until balance is restored
describe a covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*typically between nonmetals
*form through the sharing of electrons
*there are 2 different types of these bonds: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent
describe a polar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>when one atom in a bond has a
higher electronegativity causing the electrons to be shared unequally
describe an ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*typically between metals and nonmetals
*form through the transfer of electrons
*form between cations (+) and anions (-)
describe a hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER >>>weak bond between a hydrogen atom and
a pair of other atoms that have a high affinity for electrons
describe a synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*occurs when two or more simple
compounds combine to form a more complicated one
3|Page
, *requires energy (endothermic)
describe a decomposition reaction - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*occurs when a complex
molecule breaks down to make simpler ones
*releases energy (exothermic)
define a reactant - CORRECT ANSWER >>>start the reaction
define a product - CORRECT ANSWER >>>what you're left with after a reaction
what are 2 characteristics of an acid - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*willing to give up an H+ ion
*has a ph of <7
what are 2 characteristics of a neutral - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*can function as either an acid
or a base
*has a ph of 7
what are 2 characteristics of a base (alkaline) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>*accepts H+ ion
*has a ph >7
what is the ph of blood - CORRECT ANSWER >>>7.35-7.45
function of nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>directs cell activity and contains DNA
function of nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>ribosome synthesis
4|Page
