PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 Rasmussen
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Who would you not give a beta blocker to? Why? - ANSWERS-Asthmatic;
bronchospasm
What kind of drug is metoclopramide (Reglan) - ANSWERS-cholinergic
Cholinergics do what to the body? (SLUD) - ANSWERS-Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Anticholinergics do what to the body - ANSWERS-Can't see, Can't spit, Can't pee, Can't
shit
drugs that prevent or block a response - ANSWERS-antagonist
drugs that produce a response - ANSWERS-agonist
What is the therapuetic window? - ANSWERS-level of the drug between minimal
effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the
minimal toxic concentration
,What is half life? - ANSWERS-The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to
be eliminated from the body is
If a drug has a long half life, how often should it be taken? - ANSWERS-once per day
What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for? - ANSWERS-
accumulation and toxicity
What is tolerance? - ANSWERS-a decreased responsiveness over the course of
therapy, which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect
What makes drugs fit into the same "Class" - ANSWERS--related by chemical structure
-work in the same way
-used for the same purpose
Before administering beta blockers, you should check what two vital signs? -
ANSWERS-Heart rate
Blood pressure
CNS stimulants are contraindicated in which clients? - ANSWERS--coronary artery
disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
-Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
Most common side effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) - ANSWERS--irritability
-insomnia
-weight loss
-decreased appetite
Signs of hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERS--increased B/P
,-increased heart rate
-increased respiratory rate
-unresponsive to deep pain
Benzodiazepines increase the activity of which neurotransmitter - ANSWERS-GABA
Reversal agent of benzodiazepines - ANSWERS-Flumazenil
zolpidem (Ambien) side effects - ANSWERS--sedative/hypnotic (nonbenzodiazepine)
-suicidal ideation
-dependence
-abnormal behavior
What is the drug of choice for treating status epilepticus - ANSWERS-diazepam
phenytoin (Dilantin) side effects - ANSWERS-GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
-treat seizures
-cause high blood sugar
-cause birth defects
-decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
When a client is on phenytoin (Dilantin) what are some nursing interventions -
ANSWERS--monitor for narrow therapeutic index (frequent blood test)
-take as prescribed
-oral care
-teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWERS-10-20 ug/mL
, What does valproic acid (Depakote) treat? - ANSWERS-seizures, mania associated
with bipolar, migraines
Side effects of valproic acid (Depakote) - ANSWERS-Can cause hepatotoxicity
What is valproic acid (Depakote)'s therapeutic range - ANSWERS-50-125 ug/mL
Patient education valproic acid (Depakote) - ANSWERS-Must have liver enzymes and
blood levels checked regularly
Benzodiazepines can lead to what? - ANSWERS--tolerance
-dependence
-withdrawl
Symptoms of cholinergic crisis - ANSWERS-Flushing, Sweating, Nausea, Abdominal
cramps
What drug would you give to treat cholinergic crisis? - ANSWERS-atropine
Anticholinergics are contraindicated in which clients? - ANSWERS--coronary artery
disease (Increase heart rate)
-GI obstruction (constipates)
-supraventricular tachycardia (increased heart rate)
What should you do if valproic acid (Depakote) levels are high? - ANSWERS--hold
medication
-check liver function (blood test)
-discuss with physician
-neuro assessment
-check vitals
Verified Questions With Correct Verified
And Detailed Solutions | With 100%
Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed
Success!!
Who would you not give a beta blocker to? Why? - ANSWERS-Asthmatic;
bronchospasm
What kind of drug is metoclopramide (Reglan) - ANSWERS-cholinergic
Cholinergics do what to the body? (SLUD) - ANSWERS-Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Anticholinergics do what to the body - ANSWERS-Can't see, Can't spit, Can't pee, Can't
shit
drugs that prevent or block a response - ANSWERS-antagonist
drugs that produce a response - ANSWERS-agonist
What is the therapuetic window? - ANSWERS-level of the drug between minimal
effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the
minimal toxic concentration
,What is half life? - ANSWERS-The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to
be eliminated from the body is
If a drug has a long half life, how often should it be taken? - ANSWERS-once per day
What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for? - ANSWERS-
accumulation and toxicity
What is tolerance? - ANSWERS-a decreased responsiveness over the course of
therapy, which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect
What makes drugs fit into the same "Class" - ANSWERS--related by chemical structure
-work in the same way
-used for the same purpose
Before administering beta blockers, you should check what two vital signs? -
ANSWERS-Heart rate
Blood pressure
CNS stimulants are contraindicated in which clients? - ANSWERS--coronary artery
disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
-Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
Most common side effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) - ANSWERS--irritability
-insomnia
-weight loss
-decreased appetite
Signs of hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERS--increased B/P
,-increased heart rate
-increased respiratory rate
-unresponsive to deep pain
Benzodiazepines increase the activity of which neurotransmitter - ANSWERS-GABA
Reversal agent of benzodiazepines - ANSWERS-Flumazenil
zolpidem (Ambien) side effects - ANSWERS--sedative/hypnotic (nonbenzodiazepine)
-suicidal ideation
-dependence
-abnormal behavior
What is the drug of choice for treating status epilepticus - ANSWERS-diazepam
phenytoin (Dilantin) side effects - ANSWERS-GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
-treat seizures
-cause high blood sugar
-cause birth defects
-decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
When a client is on phenytoin (Dilantin) what are some nursing interventions -
ANSWERS--monitor for narrow therapeutic index (frequent blood test)
-take as prescribed
-oral care
-teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWERS-10-20 ug/mL
, What does valproic acid (Depakote) treat? - ANSWERS-seizures, mania associated
with bipolar, migraines
Side effects of valproic acid (Depakote) - ANSWERS-Can cause hepatotoxicity
What is valproic acid (Depakote)'s therapeutic range - ANSWERS-50-125 ug/mL
Patient education valproic acid (Depakote) - ANSWERS-Must have liver enzymes and
blood levels checked regularly
Benzodiazepines can lead to what? - ANSWERS--tolerance
-dependence
-withdrawl
Symptoms of cholinergic crisis - ANSWERS-Flushing, Sweating, Nausea, Abdominal
cramps
What drug would you give to treat cholinergic crisis? - ANSWERS-atropine
Anticholinergics are contraindicated in which clients? - ANSWERS--coronary artery
disease (Increase heart rate)
-GI obstruction (constipates)
-supraventricular tachycardia (increased heart rate)
What should you do if valproic acid (Depakote) levels are high? - ANSWERS--hold
medication
-check liver function (blood test)
-discuss with physician
-neuro assessment
-check vitals
