PNR300 - TEST 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
What are values? - ANS Core beliefs you hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our
actions and our interactions with others.
Guide us and priorities
How are values learned? - ANS Learned in conscious and unconscious ways.
Conscious (how do you acquire values) - ANS through instruction by parents, teachers,
mentors,religious leaders, and educators, professional or social group leaders
Formally adopted by groups & written in-professional codes of ethics, religious doctrines,
societal laws, and statement of an organization's philosophy
Subconscious (how do you acquire values) - ANS socialization and role modeling
What is self awareness? - ANS Knowing how you're behaving and how it affects others
Understanding others perspectives - ANS We can never 'walk in someone's shoes',however,
we can remain open to how others' realities, experiences, cultures, spirituality, and
environments have shaped their perspective.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is values clarification? - ANS Refers to the process of becoming more conscious of and
articulating what we value or consider worthy.
Steps of Values Clarification (2) - ANS (Step 1)- the nurse clarifies personal values through
reflection and discussion.
(Step 2)- the nurse helps the pt. to clarify values through structured communication.
What is structured communication? - ANS Repeat what the pt. has said - summarize-give
time for them to reflect.
Encourage exploration or discussion and don't impose your own values
No judgments
Client behaviors that may indicate unclear/conflicting values (5) - ANS 1) Ignoring health and
professional advice
2) Inconsistent communication or behaviour
3) Numerous admissions to a healthcare agency for the same problem
4) Confusion or uncertainty about which course of action to take
5) Refusal of care
CNO Values (7) - ANS 1) client well-being
2) client choice
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, 3) privacy and confidentiality
4) respect for life
5) maintaining commitments
6) truthfulness
7) fairness
8 primary values of the Canadian Nurses Association - ANS 1. Safe, Competent, and Ethical
Care
2. Health and Wellbeing
3. Choice
4. Dignity
5. Confidentiality
6. Justice
7. Accountability
8. Quality practice environments
Professional Values - ANS Acquired during socialization into nursing
- Codes of ethics
- Nursing experience
- Teachers
- Other nurses
- CNO
- RPNAO
What is an ethical dilemma? - ANS When there is no clear right choice, and all actions will
have good and bad outcomes
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
What are values? - ANS Core beliefs you hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our
actions and our interactions with others.
Guide us and priorities
How are values learned? - ANS Learned in conscious and unconscious ways.
Conscious (how do you acquire values) - ANS through instruction by parents, teachers,
mentors,religious leaders, and educators, professional or social group leaders
Formally adopted by groups & written in-professional codes of ethics, religious doctrines,
societal laws, and statement of an organization's philosophy
Subconscious (how do you acquire values) - ANS socialization and role modeling
What is self awareness? - ANS Knowing how you're behaving and how it affects others
Understanding others perspectives - ANS We can never 'walk in someone's shoes',however,
we can remain open to how others' realities, experiences, cultures, spirituality, and
environments have shaped their perspective.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is values clarification? - ANS Refers to the process of becoming more conscious of and
articulating what we value or consider worthy.
Steps of Values Clarification (2) - ANS (Step 1)- the nurse clarifies personal values through
reflection and discussion.
(Step 2)- the nurse helps the pt. to clarify values through structured communication.
What is structured communication? - ANS Repeat what the pt. has said - summarize-give
time for them to reflect.
Encourage exploration or discussion and don't impose your own values
No judgments
Client behaviors that may indicate unclear/conflicting values (5) - ANS 1) Ignoring health and
professional advice
2) Inconsistent communication or behaviour
3) Numerous admissions to a healthcare agency for the same problem
4) Confusion or uncertainty about which course of action to take
5) Refusal of care
CNO Values (7) - ANS 1) client well-being
2) client choice
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, 3) privacy and confidentiality
4) respect for life
5) maintaining commitments
6) truthfulness
7) fairness
8 primary values of the Canadian Nurses Association - ANS 1. Safe, Competent, and Ethical
Care
2. Health and Wellbeing
3. Choice
4. Dignity
5. Confidentiality
6. Justice
7. Accountability
8. Quality practice environments
Professional Values - ANS Acquired during socialization into nursing
- Codes of ethics
- Nursing experience
- Teachers
- Other nurses
- CNO
- RPNAO
What is an ethical dilemma? - ANS When there is no clear right choice, and all actions will
have good and bad outcomes
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
