Hoorcollege 1 (6 feb)
Organisatieverandering,-cultuur en leiderschap
What is culture
● That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
● the customs and rituals that societies develop over the course of their history
Culture in Organizational Culture & leadership
Observed behavioral regularities when people interact:
● the language they use
● the customs and traditions that evolve
● the rituals they employ in a wide variety of situations
Group norms:
● the (implicit) standard and values that evolve in working groups
● vb. iedereen draagt jasje dasje bij de studie rechten
Espoused values:
● the articulated, publicly announced principles and values that the group claims to be
trying to achieve, such as ‘product quality’ or ‘price leadership’
● vb. respect voor elkaar
Formal philosophy:
● the broad policies and ideological principles that guide a group’s actions toward
stockholders, employees, customers, and other stakeholders
○ the hubspot culture code
Rules of the game:
● the implicit unwritten rules for getting along in the organization;
○ ‘the ropes’ that a newcomer must learn in order to become an accepted
member
○ ‘the way we do things around here’
○ vb. ontgroening studentenvereniging
,Climate:
● The feeling that is conveyed in a group by the physical layout
● the way in which member of the organization interact with each other, with
customers, or other outsiders
Embedded skills:
● the special competencies displayed by group members in accomplishing certain
tasks
● the ability to make certain things that gets passed on from generation to generation
without necessarily being articulated in writing
● vb. je leert autorijden door het te doen, niet uit een boek
Habits of thinking, mental models and linguistic paradigms:
● the shared cognitive frames that guide the perceptions, thought and language used
by the members of a group and taught to new members in the early socialization
process
● vb. Arena staat grotendeels leeg, misschien is hier een oplossing voor, kijken naar
bepaalde data bij het plan dat je hebt
Shared meanings:
● the emergent understandings created by group members as they interact with each
other
● vb. dezelfde betekenis gegeven aan data
‘Root metaphors’ or integrating symbols:
● the ways in which groups evolve to characterize themselves, which may or not be
appreciated consciously but become embodied in buildings, office layout, and other
material artifacts of the group
● this level of the culture reflects the emotional and aesthetic response of members as
contrasted with the cognitive or evaluative response
Formal rituals and celebrations:
● the ways in which a group celebrates key events that reflect important values or
important “passages” by members, such as promotion, completion of important
projects, and milestones
, Development of culture in groups
Stage of group evolution
Stage Dominant Assumption Socioemotional focus
1. Group formation Dependence: “The leader Self-orientation: Emotional
knows what we should do.” focus on issues of:
(a) inclusion
(b) power and influence
(c) acceptance and intimacy
(d) identity and role
2. Group Building Fusion: “We are a great Group as idealized Object:
group; we all like each other.” Emotional focus on harmony,
conformity, and search for
intimacy. Member differences
are not valued.
3. Group Work Work: “We can perform Group Mission and Tasks:
effectively because we know Emotional focus on
and accept each other.” accomplishment, teamwork,
and maintaining the group in
good working order. Member
differences are valued.
4. Group Maturity Maturity: “We know who we Group Survival and Comfort:
are, what we want, and how to Emotional focus on preserving
get it. We have been the group and its culture.
successful, so we must be Creativity and member
right.” differences are seen as threat.
How leaders embed their preferred culture
Primary Embedding Mechanisms
● What leaders pay attention to, measure and control on a regular basis
● How leaders react to critical incidents and organizational crises
● How leaders allocate resources
● Deliberate role modeling, teaching, and coaching
● How leaders allocate rewards and status
● How leaders recruit, select, promote, and excommunicate
Secondary Articulation and Reinforcement Mechanisms
● Organizational design and structure
● Organizational systems and procedures
● Rites and rituals of the organization
● Design of physical space, facades, and buildings
● Stories about important events and people
● Formal statements of organizational philosophy, creeds, and charters
Organisatieverandering,-cultuur en leiderschap
What is culture
● That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
● the customs and rituals that societies develop over the course of their history
Culture in Organizational Culture & leadership
Observed behavioral regularities when people interact:
● the language they use
● the customs and traditions that evolve
● the rituals they employ in a wide variety of situations
Group norms:
● the (implicit) standard and values that evolve in working groups
● vb. iedereen draagt jasje dasje bij de studie rechten
Espoused values:
● the articulated, publicly announced principles and values that the group claims to be
trying to achieve, such as ‘product quality’ or ‘price leadership’
● vb. respect voor elkaar
Formal philosophy:
● the broad policies and ideological principles that guide a group’s actions toward
stockholders, employees, customers, and other stakeholders
○ the hubspot culture code
Rules of the game:
● the implicit unwritten rules for getting along in the organization;
○ ‘the ropes’ that a newcomer must learn in order to become an accepted
member
○ ‘the way we do things around here’
○ vb. ontgroening studentenvereniging
,Climate:
● The feeling that is conveyed in a group by the physical layout
● the way in which member of the organization interact with each other, with
customers, or other outsiders
Embedded skills:
● the special competencies displayed by group members in accomplishing certain
tasks
● the ability to make certain things that gets passed on from generation to generation
without necessarily being articulated in writing
● vb. je leert autorijden door het te doen, niet uit een boek
Habits of thinking, mental models and linguistic paradigms:
● the shared cognitive frames that guide the perceptions, thought and language used
by the members of a group and taught to new members in the early socialization
process
● vb. Arena staat grotendeels leeg, misschien is hier een oplossing voor, kijken naar
bepaalde data bij het plan dat je hebt
Shared meanings:
● the emergent understandings created by group members as they interact with each
other
● vb. dezelfde betekenis gegeven aan data
‘Root metaphors’ or integrating symbols:
● the ways in which groups evolve to characterize themselves, which may or not be
appreciated consciously but become embodied in buildings, office layout, and other
material artifacts of the group
● this level of the culture reflects the emotional and aesthetic response of members as
contrasted with the cognitive or evaluative response
Formal rituals and celebrations:
● the ways in which a group celebrates key events that reflect important values or
important “passages” by members, such as promotion, completion of important
projects, and milestones
, Development of culture in groups
Stage of group evolution
Stage Dominant Assumption Socioemotional focus
1. Group formation Dependence: “The leader Self-orientation: Emotional
knows what we should do.” focus on issues of:
(a) inclusion
(b) power and influence
(c) acceptance and intimacy
(d) identity and role
2. Group Building Fusion: “We are a great Group as idealized Object:
group; we all like each other.” Emotional focus on harmony,
conformity, and search for
intimacy. Member differences
are not valued.
3. Group Work Work: “We can perform Group Mission and Tasks:
effectively because we know Emotional focus on
and accept each other.” accomplishment, teamwork,
and maintaining the group in
good working order. Member
differences are valued.
4. Group Maturity Maturity: “We know who we Group Survival and Comfort:
are, what we want, and how to Emotional focus on preserving
get it. We have been the group and its culture.
successful, so we must be Creativity and member
right.” differences are seen as threat.
How leaders embed their preferred culture
Primary Embedding Mechanisms
● What leaders pay attention to, measure and control on a regular basis
● How leaders react to critical incidents and organizational crises
● How leaders allocate resources
● Deliberate role modeling, teaching, and coaching
● How leaders allocate rewards and status
● How leaders recruit, select, promote, and excommunicate
Secondary Articulation and Reinforcement Mechanisms
● Organizational design and structure
● Organizational systems and procedures
● Rites and rituals of the organization
● Design of physical space, facades, and buildings
● Stories about important events and people
● Formal statements of organizational philosophy, creeds, and charters
