OROFACIAL FINAL EXAM – Questions With Trusted
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Terms in this set (219)
What are the two essential components Sound and airflow
required for speech?
How does sound begin in speech With vocal fold closure and a buildup of subglottic air
production? pressure from the lungs.
What happens to the vocal folds during They break apart and vibrate, creating sound.
sound production?
What modifies the sound as it travels The resonance of the vocal tract changes the sound.
through the vocal tract?
Why is airflow important in speech? It is generated from the lungs and flows through an open
glottis, increasing pressure for pressure-sensitive consonants.
What is 'balanced resonance' in speech? The tendency of a system to vibrate with larger amplitude at
certain frequencies.
What determines resonance for speech? The function of the velopharyngeal valve and the size and
shape of the resonating cavities.
How do smaller cavities affect resonance? Shorter/smaller cavities enhance higher formants.
How do larger cavities affect resonance? Longer/larger cavities enhance both higher and lower
formants.
What factors affect resonance? Length and volume of the pharynx, size and shape of the oral
cavity, and configuration of the nasal cavity.
What is a resonance disorder? An abnormal transmission of sound energy through the oral,
nasal, and/or pharyngeal cavities during speech production.
What is hypernasality? Too much sound in the nasal cavity during the production of
oral sounds due to abnormal coupling of the oral and nasal
cavities.
What are the effects of severe Voiced plosives may become nasalized, and other consonants
hypernasality? may be substituted by nasal phonemes.
, What are obligatory distortions in speech? Normal articulation placement with speech distortion due to
abnormal structure.
What is the treatment for obligatory Correct the structure; no need for speech therapy.
distortions?
What is an example of hypernasality? Hypernasality due to velopharyngeal insufficiency.
What are compensatory errors in speech? Abnormal articulation placement due to structural
abnormalities aimed at increasing intelligibility.
How do vowels function in terms of Vowels are resonance sounds produced by changing the size
resonance? and shape of the oral cavity.
What is the relationship between tongue High tongue position increases sound pressure level for
position and sound transmission? transvelar transmission and decreases oral transmission of
sound.
What is Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD)? A general term for abnormal velopharyngeal function.
What is Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI)? An anatomical defect where the velum moves normally but is
too short for closure.
What is Velopharyngeal Incompetence? A neurophysiological disorder where the velum is of normal
length but does not move normally.
What causes hypernasality? Usually caused by Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI).
What is hyponasality? A reduction in normal nasal resonance during speech,
particularly on nasal sounds.
What is denasality? The absence of nasal resonance during speech.
What are the causes of hyponasality? Blockage in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity due to conditions
like allergic rhinitis, common cold, or adenoid hypertrophy.
What is cul-de-sac resonance? Sound energy is blocked at the exit of the cavity, resulting in
muffled speech.
What are the three types of cul-de-sac Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cul-de-sac resonance.
resonance?
What is nasal emission? The escape of airflow through the nose during speech due to
a leak in the velopharyngeal system.
What are the types of nasal emission? Nasal rustle, audible nasal emission, inaudible nasal emission,
and phoneme-specific nasal emission.
What is nasal rustle? A sound produced with a small velopharyngeal opening.
What is the effect of a large VP opening on Causes hypernasality and inaudible nasal emission.
speech?
What is nasal grimace? Muscle contractions at the nasal bridge due to effort in trying
to close the VP valve.
Solutions
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? World Scholar's Cup set 2026 SS10 Nationalism
Teacher 156 terms 430 terms Teacher 25 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview alexandergumede Preview Alicia_Zents
Terms in this set (219)
What are the two essential components Sound and airflow
required for speech?
How does sound begin in speech With vocal fold closure and a buildup of subglottic air
production? pressure from the lungs.
What happens to the vocal folds during They break apart and vibrate, creating sound.
sound production?
What modifies the sound as it travels The resonance of the vocal tract changes the sound.
through the vocal tract?
Why is airflow important in speech? It is generated from the lungs and flows through an open
glottis, increasing pressure for pressure-sensitive consonants.
What is 'balanced resonance' in speech? The tendency of a system to vibrate with larger amplitude at
certain frequencies.
What determines resonance for speech? The function of the velopharyngeal valve and the size and
shape of the resonating cavities.
How do smaller cavities affect resonance? Shorter/smaller cavities enhance higher formants.
How do larger cavities affect resonance? Longer/larger cavities enhance both higher and lower
formants.
What factors affect resonance? Length and volume of the pharynx, size and shape of the oral
cavity, and configuration of the nasal cavity.
What is a resonance disorder? An abnormal transmission of sound energy through the oral,
nasal, and/or pharyngeal cavities during speech production.
What is hypernasality? Too much sound in the nasal cavity during the production of
oral sounds due to abnormal coupling of the oral and nasal
cavities.
What are the effects of severe Voiced plosives may become nasalized, and other consonants
hypernasality? may be substituted by nasal phonemes.
, What are obligatory distortions in speech? Normal articulation placement with speech distortion due to
abnormal structure.
What is the treatment for obligatory Correct the structure; no need for speech therapy.
distortions?
What is an example of hypernasality? Hypernasality due to velopharyngeal insufficiency.
What are compensatory errors in speech? Abnormal articulation placement due to structural
abnormalities aimed at increasing intelligibility.
How do vowels function in terms of Vowels are resonance sounds produced by changing the size
resonance? and shape of the oral cavity.
What is the relationship between tongue High tongue position increases sound pressure level for
position and sound transmission? transvelar transmission and decreases oral transmission of
sound.
What is Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD)? A general term for abnormal velopharyngeal function.
What is Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI)? An anatomical defect where the velum moves normally but is
too short for closure.
What is Velopharyngeal Incompetence? A neurophysiological disorder where the velum is of normal
length but does not move normally.
What causes hypernasality? Usually caused by Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI).
What is hyponasality? A reduction in normal nasal resonance during speech,
particularly on nasal sounds.
What is denasality? The absence of nasal resonance during speech.
What are the causes of hyponasality? Blockage in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity due to conditions
like allergic rhinitis, common cold, or adenoid hypertrophy.
What is cul-de-sac resonance? Sound energy is blocked at the exit of the cavity, resulting in
muffled speech.
What are the three types of cul-de-sac Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cul-de-sac resonance.
resonance?
What is nasal emission? The escape of airflow through the nose during speech due to
a leak in the velopharyngeal system.
What are the types of nasal emission? Nasal rustle, audible nasal emission, inaudible nasal emission,
and phoneme-specific nasal emission.
What is nasal rustle? A sound produced with a small velopharyngeal opening.
What is the effect of a large VP opening on Causes hypernasality and inaudible nasal emission.
speech?
What is nasal grimace? Muscle contractions at the nasal bridge due to effort in trying
to close the VP valve.
