Antiepileptic Pharmacology, Seizure Management, GABA Enhancement Therapy, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Hydantoins, Valproate Toxicity, Absence Seizure Treatment, Status Epilepticus Management, Phenobarbital Therapy, Diazepam IV Administration, Phenytoin

Antiepileptic Pharmacology, Seizure Management, GABA Enhancement Therapy, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Hydantoins, Valproate Toxicity, Absence Seizure Treatment, Status Epilepticus Management, Phenobarbital Therapy, Diazepam IV Administration, Phenytoin Monitoring, Gingival Hyperplasia, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Hepatotoxicity Risk, Pancreatitis Warning, CNS Depression, Respiratory Suppression, Drug Interactions with CNS Depressants, Flumazenil Reversal, Pregnancy Category D Risks, Osmotic Diuretics, Mannitol for Increased ICP, Neuroprotection Strategies, Critical Care Neurologic Pharmacology Exam Questions Verified and Complete with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Phenobarbital Class Anti-seizure; barbiturate; sedative Phenobarbital Action/Use - Enhance GABA (inhibitor neurotransmitter) - Long-acting Phenobarbital Administration Alert - Soft tissue irritant - Rarely used IV - Schedule 4 controlled substance - Pregnancy category D Phenobarbital Interactions - CNS depressants Diazepam Class Anti-seizure; Benzodiazepine Diazepam Action/Use Used with status epilepticus Diazepam Administration Alerts - Monitor resp. w/ IV - Pregnancy category D Diazepam Adverse Effects - Dependence - Tolerance - Resp. depression - DIzzy - Drowsy Diazepam OD Treatment Flumazenil Phenytoin Class Anti-seizure; Hydantoin Phenytoin Action/Use - Tonic-clonic seizures Phenytoin Administration Alerts - IV run w/ NS only - No milk or antacids - Tissue irritant - Avoid using hand veins Phenytoin Adverse Effects - Dysrhythmias - Confusion - Peripheral neuropathy (long-term use) - Gingival hypertrophy Phenytoin Contraindications Rash, seizures due to hypoglycemia, sinus bradycardia, heart block Phenytoin Patient Teaching - Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) - Labs for kidney & liver function - Report toxicity