CS 3001 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
intellectual property - Answers a general term for categories of rights in intangible creations of the
mind
-Establishes protectable legal interests in the goods and services sold by IP owners and the technology
and know-how used to produce them.
4 types of intellectual property - Answers trade secrets, patents, trademarks, copyrights
patent - Answers A patent is a right granted by governments to an inventor for a limited time to
exclude others from:
Making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention in that country.
Importing the invention into that country.
utility patents are the most common type but there is also design
-does not last forever (20 for utitlity, 15 for design)
invention, application, examination, allowance
Trademark - Answers identifies which person or company is the source or origin of goods and services
and distinguishes the trademarked goods and services from those made or sold by others
-can take the form of names, brands, symbols, colors(trade dress), sounds and scents
-can get from registration, use, or assignment
-rights are territorial, limited to specific good and services, and you must police your trademarks
copyright - Answers Copyright protects works of authorship that are:
Fixed in any tangible form or medium of expression.
Original in the sense that they are
:• Independently created by the author (or authors).
• At least minimally creative
-protects literary works, music works, dramatic works, art works, ect
-does not protect ideas, systems, methods, or processes
-registration not required unless your are bringing a suit for infringement on U.S work
trade secret - Answers A trade secret is:
Business, financial, and technical information.
Kept confidential by its owner through reasonable efforts.
Economically valuable because the information is not generally known
ex: coca-cola recipe, kfc recipe, adobe photoshop
-not registered; protected by making reasonable efforts to keep info confidential
-protection lasts forever until someone finds out
Computer errors: Operational - Answers examples: southwest airlines data center failed and took 4
days to fix, resulting in over 2,000 canceled flights
Starbucks computer failure shut down 8,000 stores for a day
-knight capital lost 440 million in 45 minutes due to a program trading error
-Chernobyl power plant explosion in 1986 due to the failure of a test program; 30km radius will be
contaminated for thousands of years
computer errors: data entry and retrieval - Answers -examples: florida disqualifies voters for the 2000
election, becase a database said they were felons even though the committed misdemeanors
-national crime information center had errors that led to false arrests
computer errors: billing errors and malfunctions - Answers Qwest billing software bug caused it to
charge $600 per minute for cell phone usage
Renters in NYC were over-charged-Threatened with eviction when refused to pay
450 Prison inmates with a high risk of violence were mistakenly released after being identified by a
program to reduce overcrowding.
computer errors: pricing errors - Answers amazon offered new ipaq computers for 7 pounds instead
of 275 pounds.
-they refused to fill orders
computer errors: real time system errors - Answers Mars Climate Orbiter- One team used metric
units, the other English units
Ariane 5 rocket -Software reuse from Ariane 4 led to counter overflow
T&T 1990 long distance network crashn Server crashes, reboots, sends out "OK" message
Levels of Automation - Answers 0: none
1: driver assistance- Small things like help with braking
, 2: partial automation - More driver assistance; person still in charge
3: conditional automation- Mostly automated, but expect driver to respond in an emergency
4: high automation
5: full automation
Tesla Autopilot and design considerations - Answers May 2016 fatal accident
Level 3 conditional automation
System not fully automated, but driver using it as if it were.
Is it OK to prioritize the safety of occupants over people outside the car?
Who is legally responsible when an accident occurs?
Shrink Wrap Warranties - Answers Consumer (off the shelf) software
Often don't promise that software will work
Limit liability only to purchase price
warranties on goods - Answers a product manufacturer or service provider's documented guarantee
of quality as promised to a customer.
Boot example: seller told man boots were waterproof. man wore boots; they were not; he got a
fungal infection; Since the boots were not as promised, the seller will be liable for the value of the
boots, plus any loss associated with the resulting physical harm.
internal realism - Answers how do we know there is a desk here?
We are all trapped in our subjective perceptions, But our subjective perceptions oddly agree
Assumption: the world exists- Our subjective perceptions agree because the desk exists
Epistemology - Answers study of knowledge
knowledge is justified, true belief
-evidentialism
-reliabilism
-virtue epistemology
epistemology: evidentialism - Answers all beliefs must be supported by evidence
Some beliefs are basic and justified
Nonbasic beliefs are formed by inference from basic ones Can be hard to follow the chain of evidence
all the way down to basic beliefs
Reliabilism - Answers A belief is reliable if it is the result of a reliable cognitive process
A reliable process is one that generally leads to correct outcomes
Example: two bird watchers
"Compare a novice bird-watcher and an expert walking together in the woods, seeking out the rare
pink-spotted flycatcher. A bird flies by and each person spontaneously forms the belief that there is a
pink-spotted flycatcher there. The expert knows this to be true but the novice is jumping to a
conclusion out of excitement. The expert has a well-founded belief but the novice does not."
Virtue Epistemology - Answers Knowledge is an achievement
The result of "competent cognitive agency"
Epistemic virtues include:
Curiosity, Intellectual autonomy, Intellectual humility, Attentiveness, open mindedness
social Construction of knowledge - Answers The process of something becoming socially accepted is
the process of it becoming a fact
-knowledge is collaborative
peer review - Answers How carefully something is reviewed is a measure of how reliable it is Standard
practice for journal articles and peer-reviewed conference articles
three expert reviewers
Wikipedia vs peer review - Answers The more a page gets attention, the more carefully reviewed it is
Journal article: Three expert reviewers, Once published, fixed and can't be updated.
Wikipedia: Non-expert reviewers, Number of reviewers varies Can be updated continuously.
Wikipedia faults - Answers -subject to many biases (selection, participation, group think, gender,
racial)
Revenge editing: Inserting false, biased, or defamatory content into articles, especially articles on
living people
citogenesis: Journalist looks something up on Wikipedia; Writes article without citing it; Someone
trying to improve Wikipedia looks for citations; Finds journalist's article!
John Snow and Cholera - Answers Cholera epidemics in London, mid 1850s
intellectual property - Answers a general term for categories of rights in intangible creations of the
mind
-Establishes protectable legal interests in the goods and services sold by IP owners and the technology
and know-how used to produce them.
4 types of intellectual property - Answers trade secrets, patents, trademarks, copyrights
patent - Answers A patent is a right granted by governments to an inventor for a limited time to
exclude others from:
Making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention in that country.
Importing the invention into that country.
utility patents are the most common type but there is also design
-does not last forever (20 for utitlity, 15 for design)
invention, application, examination, allowance
Trademark - Answers identifies which person or company is the source or origin of goods and services
and distinguishes the trademarked goods and services from those made or sold by others
-can take the form of names, brands, symbols, colors(trade dress), sounds and scents
-can get from registration, use, or assignment
-rights are territorial, limited to specific good and services, and you must police your trademarks
copyright - Answers Copyright protects works of authorship that are:
Fixed in any tangible form or medium of expression.
Original in the sense that they are
:• Independently created by the author (or authors).
• At least minimally creative
-protects literary works, music works, dramatic works, art works, ect
-does not protect ideas, systems, methods, or processes
-registration not required unless your are bringing a suit for infringement on U.S work
trade secret - Answers A trade secret is:
Business, financial, and technical information.
Kept confidential by its owner through reasonable efforts.
Economically valuable because the information is not generally known
ex: coca-cola recipe, kfc recipe, adobe photoshop
-not registered; protected by making reasonable efforts to keep info confidential
-protection lasts forever until someone finds out
Computer errors: Operational - Answers examples: southwest airlines data center failed and took 4
days to fix, resulting in over 2,000 canceled flights
Starbucks computer failure shut down 8,000 stores for a day
-knight capital lost 440 million in 45 minutes due to a program trading error
-Chernobyl power plant explosion in 1986 due to the failure of a test program; 30km radius will be
contaminated for thousands of years
computer errors: data entry and retrieval - Answers -examples: florida disqualifies voters for the 2000
election, becase a database said they were felons even though the committed misdemeanors
-national crime information center had errors that led to false arrests
computer errors: billing errors and malfunctions - Answers Qwest billing software bug caused it to
charge $600 per minute for cell phone usage
Renters in NYC were over-charged-Threatened with eviction when refused to pay
450 Prison inmates with a high risk of violence were mistakenly released after being identified by a
program to reduce overcrowding.
computer errors: pricing errors - Answers amazon offered new ipaq computers for 7 pounds instead
of 275 pounds.
-they refused to fill orders
computer errors: real time system errors - Answers Mars Climate Orbiter- One team used metric
units, the other English units
Ariane 5 rocket -Software reuse from Ariane 4 led to counter overflow
T&T 1990 long distance network crashn Server crashes, reboots, sends out "OK" message
Levels of Automation - Answers 0: none
1: driver assistance- Small things like help with braking
, 2: partial automation - More driver assistance; person still in charge
3: conditional automation- Mostly automated, but expect driver to respond in an emergency
4: high automation
5: full automation
Tesla Autopilot and design considerations - Answers May 2016 fatal accident
Level 3 conditional automation
System not fully automated, but driver using it as if it were.
Is it OK to prioritize the safety of occupants over people outside the car?
Who is legally responsible when an accident occurs?
Shrink Wrap Warranties - Answers Consumer (off the shelf) software
Often don't promise that software will work
Limit liability only to purchase price
warranties on goods - Answers a product manufacturer or service provider's documented guarantee
of quality as promised to a customer.
Boot example: seller told man boots were waterproof. man wore boots; they were not; he got a
fungal infection; Since the boots were not as promised, the seller will be liable for the value of the
boots, plus any loss associated with the resulting physical harm.
internal realism - Answers how do we know there is a desk here?
We are all trapped in our subjective perceptions, But our subjective perceptions oddly agree
Assumption: the world exists- Our subjective perceptions agree because the desk exists
Epistemology - Answers study of knowledge
knowledge is justified, true belief
-evidentialism
-reliabilism
-virtue epistemology
epistemology: evidentialism - Answers all beliefs must be supported by evidence
Some beliefs are basic and justified
Nonbasic beliefs are formed by inference from basic ones Can be hard to follow the chain of evidence
all the way down to basic beliefs
Reliabilism - Answers A belief is reliable if it is the result of a reliable cognitive process
A reliable process is one that generally leads to correct outcomes
Example: two bird watchers
"Compare a novice bird-watcher and an expert walking together in the woods, seeking out the rare
pink-spotted flycatcher. A bird flies by and each person spontaneously forms the belief that there is a
pink-spotted flycatcher there. The expert knows this to be true but the novice is jumping to a
conclusion out of excitement. The expert has a well-founded belief but the novice does not."
Virtue Epistemology - Answers Knowledge is an achievement
The result of "competent cognitive agency"
Epistemic virtues include:
Curiosity, Intellectual autonomy, Intellectual humility, Attentiveness, open mindedness
social Construction of knowledge - Answers The process of something becoming socially accepted is
the process of it becoming a fact
-knowledge is collaborative
peer review - Answers How carefully something is reviewed is a measure of how reliable it is Standard
practice for journal articles and peer-reviewed conference articles
three expert reviewers
Wikipedia vs peer review - Answers The more a page gets attention, the more carefully reviewed it is
Journal article: Three expert reviewers, Once published, fixed and can't be updated.
Wikipedia: Non-expert reviewers, Number of reviewers varies Can be updated continuously.
Wikipedia faults - Answers -subject to many biases (selection, participation, group think, gender,
racial)
Revenge editing: Inserting false, biased, or defamatory content into articles, especially articles on
living people
citogenesis: Journalist looks something up on Wikipedia; Writes article without citing it; Someone
trying to improve Wikipedia looks for citations; Finds journalist's article!
John Snow and Cholera - Answers Cholera epidemics in London, mid 1850s
