NR 412 Exam 3 Cardio, Aneurysm, Diabetes
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What |are |the |two |functions |of |the |Pancreas |and |what |does |the |Islet |of |Langerhans |(IoL) |do? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Exocrine |(secretes |into |ducts |leading |to |tissue) |function |which |secretes
|pancreatic |and |digestive |enzymes.
Endocrine |(secretes |into |blood) |secretes |hormones. |One |of |which |is |the |IoL |which |has |beta |
cells |that |secrete |insulin |and |alpha |cells |that |secrete |glucagon.
What |occurs |in |the |Pancreas |when |blood |glucose |gets |too |high |and |what |happens |after |this? |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Beta |cells |in |the |islet |secrete |insulin |to |drive |storage |of |glucose |in |
cells. |Insulin |stimulates |glycogenesis |and |lipogenesis |in |cells |and |also |protein |synthesis |(that |
helps |make |these |molecules). |Insulin |inhibits |glycogenolysis, |lipolysis, |and |protein |breakdown.
What |are |the |normal |ranges |of |Blood |glucose |and |what |occurs |when |you |get |outside |of |these |
numbers? |How |does |your |body |counteract |Insulin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-80-120mg/dl. |If |
you |go |over, |your |body |stores |glucose |as |fat. |If |you |go |under |your |body |will |start |to |use |
muscle |as |fuel |& |energy |levels |will |decrease. |If |you |stay |within |the |levels |you |release |fat |to |
deal |with |need |for |normal |Energy |and |eliminate |cravings |and |inc. |Energy.
Hormones |like |glucagon, |epinephrine, |growth |hormone, |and |cortisol |oppose |insulin |and |
stimulate |glu |production |and |release |in |liver, |dec. |movement |of |glu |into |cell, |and |maintain |
normal |blood |glu |levels.
What |are |the |2 |classes |of |Diabetes |and |what |are |the |characteristics |of |each? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Type |1 |diabetes |is |a |genetic |autoimmune |destruction |of |Beta |cells |which |leads |to
|eventual |absolute |insulin |deficiency. |75% |occurs |in |people |under |18 |and |makes |up |5-10% |of |
people |with |diabetes.
Type |2 |is |an |acquired |underactivity |of |Beta |cells |which |then |do |not |release |enough |insulin |and
|the |body |becomes |resistant |to |this |insulin.
, What |factors |lead |to |Type |1 |diabetes? |How |will |you |know |someone |has |Type |1 |diabetes? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genetics |that |have |certain |tissue |types |HLA-DQ |& |DR |and |once |they |
are |exposed |a |viral |infection |the |body |starts |killing |Beta |cells.
You |will |not |know |until |Beta |cells |are |killed |(mo.-yr.). |Then |once |all |Beta |cells |are |gone, |
Polyuria, |Polydipsia |(thirst), |and |Polyphagia |(hunger). |Polyphagia |occurs |because |the |cells |are |
starving |without |glucose.
The |person |will |have |weight |loss, |fatigue, |inc. |infection, |and |be |insulin |dependent.
What |is |the |cause |of |Type |2 |diabetes? |What |are |some |risk |factors? |How |does |the |onset |of |
Type |2 |diabetes |manifest? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Type |2 |is |caused |by |either |an |insufficient |
amount |of |insulin |production |or |poor |utilization/resistance |of |it.
Obesity |and |dec. |physical |activity |inc. |risk, |but |so |do |genetics |in |family |history |and |race.
Consistent |Hyperglycemia |is |present |in |these |pt., |but |might |not |be |diagnosed |for |yr. |They |will |
have |fatigue, |inc. |infection, |visual |changes |and |the |3 |P's |(uria, |dipsia, |& |phagia).
What |are |the |four |possible |major |metabolic |abnormalities |in |Type |2 |diabetes? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |Insulin |resistance
2. |Decreased |Pancreas |production |of |insulin
3. |Inappropriate |glu |production |in |liver
4. |Alteration |in |production |of |hormones |and |adipokines.
What |is |Osmotic |Diuresis, |what |is |it |caused |by, |and |what |is |it |a |symptom |of? |What |are |
symptoms |of |Hyperglycemia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Osmotic |Diuresis |is |increased |urination |
(and |therefore |thirst) |due |to |the |increased |presence |of |solutes |created |by |kidneys. |These |
solutes |draw |water |to |them |and |then |inc. |urine |output |as |H2O |leaves |cells |and |the |like.
It |is |caused |by |Glucosuria |in |hyperglycemia |that |makes |the |cells |thirsty |and |causes |polydipsia.
Other |symptoms |of |Hyperglycemia |include |glucosuria, |3 |P's, |weight |gain, |fatigue, |blurred |
vision, |inc. |infections, |and |poor |wound |healing.
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What |are |the |two |functions |of |the |Pancreas |and |what |does |the |Islet |of |Langerhans |(IoL) |do? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Exocrine |(secretes |into |ducts |leading |to |tissue) |function |which |secretes
|pancreatic |and |digestive |enzymes.
Endocrine |(secretes |into |blood) |secretes |hormones. |One |of |which |is |the |IoL |which |has |beta |
cells |that |secrete |insulin |and |alpha |cells |that |secrete |glucagon.
What |occurs |in |the |Pancreas |when |blood |glucose |gets |too |high |and |what |happens |after |this? |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Beta |cells |in |the |islet |secrete |insulin |to |drive |storage |of |glucose |in |
cells. |Insulin |stimulates |glycogenesis |and |lipogenesis |in |cells |and |also |protein |synthesis |(that |
helps |make |these |molecules). |Insulin |inhibits |glycogenolysis, |lipolysis, |and |protein |breakdown.
What |are |the |normal |ranges |of |Blood |glucose |and |what |occurs |when |you |get |outside |of |these |
numbers? |How |does |your |body |counteract |Insulin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-80-120mg/dl. |If |
you |go |over, |your |body |stores |glucose |as |fat. |If |you |go |under |your |body |will |start |to |use |
muscle |as |fuel |& |energy |levels |will |decrease. |If |you |stay |within |the |levels |you |release |fat |to |
deal |with |need |for |normal |Energy |and |eliminate |cravings |and |inc. |Energy.
Hormones |like |glucagon, |epinephrine, |growth |hormone, |and |cortisol |oppose |insulin |and |
stimulate |glu |production |and |release |in |liver, |dec. |movement |of |glu |into |cell, |and |maintain |
normal |blood |glu |levels.
What |are |the |2 |classes |of |Diabetes |and |what |are |the |characteristics |of |each? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Type |1 |diabetes |is |a |genetic |autoimmune |destruction |of |Beta |cells |which |leads |to
|eventual |absolute |insulin |deficiency. |75% |occurs |in |people |under |18 |and |makes |up |5-10% |of |
people |with |diabetes.
Type |2 |is |an |acquired |underactivity |of |Beta |cells |which |then |do |not |release |enough |insulin |and
|the |body |becomes |resistant |to |this |insulin.
, What |factors |lead |to |Type |1 |diabetes? |How |will |you |know |someone |has |Type |1 |diabetes? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genetics |that |have |certain |tissue |types |HLA-DQ |& |DR |and |once |they |
are |exposed |a |viral |infection |the |body |starts |killing |Beta |cells.
You |will |not |know |until |Beta |cells |are |killed |(mo.-yr.). |Then |once |all |Beta |cells |are |gone, |
Polyuria, |Polydipsia |(thirst), |and |Polyphagia |(hunger). |Polyphagia |occurs |because |the |cells |are |
starving |without |glucose.
The |person |will |have |weight |loss, |fatigue, |inc. |infection, |and |be |insulin |dependent.
What |is |the |cause |of |Type |2 |diabetes? |What |are |some |risk |factors? |How |does |the |onset |of |
Type |2 |diabetes |manifest? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Type |2 |is |caused |by |either |an |insufficient |
amount |of |insulin |production |or |poor |utilization/resistance |of |it.
Obesity |and |dec. |physical |activity |inc. |risk, |but |so |do |genetics |in |family |history |and |race.
Consistent |Hyperglycemia |is |present |in |these |pt., |but |might |not |be |diagnosed |for |yr. |They |will |
have |fatigue, |inc. |infection, |visual |changes |and |the |3 |P's |(uria, |dipsia, |& |phagia).
What |are |the |four |possible |major |metabolic |abnormalities |in |Type |2 |diabetes? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |Insulin |resistance
2. |Decreased |Pancreas |production |of |insulin
3. |Inappropriate |glu |production |in |liver
4. |Alteration |in |production |of |hormones |and |adipokines.
What |is |Osmotic |Diuresis, |what |is |it |caused |by, |and |what |is |it |a |symptom |of? |What |are |
symptoms |of |Hyperglycemia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Osmotic |Diuresis |is |increased |urination |
(and |therefore |thirst) |due |to |the |increased |presence |of |solutes |created |by |kidneys. |These |
solutes |draw |water |to |them |and |then |inc. |urine |output |as |H2O |leaves |cells |and |the |like.
It |is |caused |by |Glucosuria |in |hyperglycemia |that |makes |the |cells |thirsty |and |causes |polydipsia.
Other |symptoms |of |Hyperglycemia |include |glucosuria, |3 |P's, |weight |gain, |fatigue, |blurred |
vision, |inc. |infections, |and |poor |wound |healing.
