NR 412 Exam #6 [Patho] Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Kidney |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Produces |erythropoietin
-Converts |Vitamin |D |to |its |active |form |(facilitates |Ca+ |absorption)
-Responds |to |stimuli |from |ADH |to |cause |water |reabsorption
What |is |included |in |the |upper |urinary |tract? |Lower? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Upper: |kidneys |
and |the |ureters
Lower: |bladder |and |he |urethra
Function |of |nephron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Responsible |for |filtering |out |blood |to |rid |the |
body |of |wastes |and |reabsorbs |substances |that |the |body |needs
-Creates |filtrate |which |forms |urine |for |excretion
Afferent |arteriole |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Brings |oxygen |rick |blood |to |the |blood |to |the |
glomerulus
-High |pressure
2 |types |of |capillaries |involved |in |kidney |filtration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Glomerular |
capillaries
-Peritubular |capillaries
Efferent |arteriole |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Help |comprise |arterial |blood |supply |to |other |parts |
of |the |nephron
,-Low |pressure
Peritubular |capillaries |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Originate |from |efferent |arterioles
-Facilitate |reabsorption |of |water |and |nutrients |our |body |needs
-Excretion |of |wastes |or |excessive |nutrients |our |body |doesn't |need
Where |do |peritubular |capillaries |empty? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Inferior |vena |cava
Specific |gravity- |what |does |it |measure |and |whats |the |normal |range? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--
Measure |of |urine |concentration
Normal= |1.010-1.025
Normal |pH |for |urine? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pH: |4.6-8.0
-Most |bacteria |favor |an |alkaline |environment
What |does |protein |in |the |urine |indicate |regarding |kidney |function? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Protein |in |the |urine |indicates |abnormal |glomerular |permeability |seen |with |most |kidney |
diseases
What |is |the |most |important |measure |of |kidney |function? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Glomerular |
Filtration |Rate |(GFR)
How |does |a |decrease |in |renal |blood |flow |affect |GFR |and |urine |output? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-GFR |will |decrease, |urine |output |declines
Blood |Urea |Nitrogen |(BUN) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal- |8-20 |mg/dL
-Nitrogenous |wastes |that |are |the |end |product |of |protein |metabolism
, -Values |affected |by |protein |intake, |tissue |breakdown, |GI |bleeding, |fluid |volume |changes
In |what |persons |does |low |BUN/creatine |ratio |occur? |A |high |one? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Low
|- |liver |disease, |low |protein |diet, |chronic |dialysis
High- |Hypovolemia, |dehydration
Severity |of |an |Upper |Urinary |Tract |Obstruction |is |based |on... |(4) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--
Location |(typically |unilateral, |can |be |bilateral)
-Completeness |of |blockage
-Duration |of |blockage
-Rapidity |with |which |condition |developed
Complications |from |Urinary |Obstruction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--*Stasis |of |urine* |
(infection/stone |formation)
-*Progressive |dilation* |of |structures |proximal |to |site |of |obstruction- |back |pressure!
-*Glomerular |filtration |continues* |- |increased |pressure |in |renal |pelvis |-> |atrophy |of |renal |
tissue
Hydroureter |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dilation |of |the |ureters |from |excessive |accumulation |of |
urine
Hydronephrosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dilation |of |the |renal |pelvis |and |calyces |from |
excessive |accumulation |of |urine
Renal |failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Will |occur |with |complete |bilateral |obstruction
-Results |in |oliguria |and |anuria
With Correct Answers
Kidney |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Produces |erythropoietin
-Converts |Vitamin |D |to |its |active |form |(facilitates |Ca+ |absorption)
-Responds |to |stimuli |from |ADH |to |cause |water |reabsorption
What |is |included |in |the |upper |urinary |tract? |Lower? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Upper: |kidneys |
and |the |ureters
Lower: |bladder |and |he |urethra
Function |of |nephron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Responsible |for |filtering |out |blood |to |rid |the |
body |of |wastes |and |reabsorbs |substances |that |the |body |needs
-Creates |filtrate |which |forms |urine |for |excretion
Afferent |arteriole |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Brings |oxygen |rick |blood |to |the |blood |to |the |
glomerulus
-High |pressure
2 |types |of |capillaries |involved |in |kidney |filtration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Glomerular |
capillaries
-Peritubular |capillaries
Efferent |arteriole |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Help |comprise |arterial |blood |supply |to |other |parts |
of |the |nephron
,-Low |pressure
Peritubular |capillaries |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Originate |from |efferent |arterioles
-Facilitate |reabsorption |of |water |and |nutrients |our |body |needs
-Excretion |of |wastes |or |excessive |nutrients |our |body |doesn't |need
Where |do |peritubular |capillaries |empty? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Inferior |vena |cava
Specific |gravity- |what |does |it |measure |and |whats |the |normal |range? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--
Measure |of |urine |concentration
Normal= |1.010-1.025
Normal |pH |for |urine? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pH: |4.6-8.0
-Most |bacteria |favor |an |alkaline |environment
What |does |protein |in |the |urine |indicate |regarding |kidney |function? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Protein |in |the |urine |indicates |abnormal |glomerular |permeability |seen |with |most |kidney |
diseases
What |is |the |most |important |measure |of |kidney |function? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Glomerular |
Filtration |Rate |(GFR)
How |does |a |decrease |in |renal |blood |flow |affect |GFR |and |urine |output? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-GFR |will |decrease, |urine |output |declines
Blood |Urea |Nitrogen |(BUN) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal- |8-20 |mg/dL
-Nitrogenous |wastes |that |are |the |end |product |of |protein |metabolism
, -Values |affected |by |protein |intake, |tissue |breakdown, |GI |bleeding, |fluid |volume |changes
In |what |persons |does |low |BUN/creatine |ratio |occur? |A |high |one? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Low
|- |liver |disease, |low |protein |diet, |chronic |dialysis
High- |Hypovolemia, |dehydration
Severity |of |an |Upper |Urinary |Tract |Obstruction |is |based |on... |(4) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--
Location |(typically |unilateral, |can |be |bilateral)
-Completeness |of |blockage
-Duration |of |blockage
-Rapidity |with |which |condition |developed
Complications |from |Urinary |Obstruction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--*Stasis |of |urine* |
(infection/stone |formation)
-*Progressive |dilation* |of |structures |proximal |to |site |of |obstruction- |back |pressure!
-*Glomerular |filtration |continues* |- |increased |pressure |in |renal |pelvis |-> |atrophy |of |renal |
tissue
Hydroureter |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dilation |of |the |ureters |from |excessive |accumulation |of |
urine
Hydronephrosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dilation |of |the |renal |pelvis |and |calyces |from |
excessive |accumulation |of |urine
Renal |failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Will |occur |with |complete |bilateral |obstruction
-Results |in |oliguria |and |anuria
