NR 412 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |infants? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-75-
80%
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |adult |males? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
60%
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |adult |females? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-50%
|
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |obese |adults? |Why? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-30-40% |because |of |the |increase |in |adipose |tissue, |and |decrease |in |muscle |mass
|in |obese |people
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |elderly |adults? |Why? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-45% |because |they |have |a |decrease |in |muscle |mass |and |decreased |thirst
|mechanism |in |hypothalamus
List |some |functions |of |body |fluids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Maintain |blood |volume
-Regulate |body |temperature
-Transport |material |to |and |from |cells
-Serves |as |an |aqueous |medium |for |cellular |metabolism
-Assists |with |food |digestion
-Serves |as |a |medium |for |excreting |waste
,Intracellular |fluid |(ICF) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Fluid |within |the |cells
-2/3 |of |body |fluid |is |found |within |the |cells
Extracellular |fluid |(ECF) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Interstitial |- |fluid |between |the |cells
-Intravascular |- |vessels, |blood
-Transcellular |- |specialized |fluids |such |as |synovial |fluid, |cerebrospinal |fluid, |digestive |juices,
|peritoneal |fluid, |pleural |fluid...
The |2 |types |of |movement |of |fluids/electrolytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Passive |transport
-Active |transport
Passive |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-No |energy |is |expended |to |move |substances. |There
|are |3 |different |types |of |passive |transport; |diffusion, |osmosis, |and |filtration.
Active |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |is |required |to |move |substances |from |a |low
|concentration |to |a |high |concentration.
Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |passive |movement |of |solute |molecules |through |a
|permeable |membrane |from |[high] |to |[low]
Solute |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |particles |dissolved |in |the |solution
Solvent |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |liquid |substance |that |contains |the |solute
Osmosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |water |across |a |permeable |membrane
|from |low |concentration |of |solute |to |high |concentration |of |solute
,Osmolarity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |total |concentration |of |all |solute |particles |in |a |solution.
|Osmolarity |is |classified |as;
-Hypotonic
-Hypertonic
-Isotonic
Hypertonic |solution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |solution |in |which |the |concentration |of |solutes
|is |greater |than |that |of |the |cell |that |resides |in |the |solution. |Meaning |there |is |more |"salt" |in
|the |solution |than |in |the |RBC |so |water |will |leave |RBC |and |they |will |crenate.
Hypotonic |solution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |solution |in |which |the |concentration |of |solutes |is
|less |than |that |of |the |cell |that |resides |in |the |solution. |Meaning |there |is |more |"salt" |inside |the
|RBC |so |water |will |enter |the |RBC |and |they |will |lyse.
Filtration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Movement |of |both |water |and |small |molecules |through |a
|semi-permeable |membrane |from |an |area |of |high |pressure |to |low |pressure.
Filtration |occurs |due |to |hydrostatic |pressure |balanced |with |osmotic |pressure.
Hydrostatic |Pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Pressure |exerted |by |a |fluid |within |a |closed
|system
-Force |of |the |weight |of |water |molecules |pressing |against |confining |walls
-Moves |from |high |pressure |to |low |pressure
Osmotic |Pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--The |power |of |a |solution |to |draw |water
-A |highly |concentrated |solution |draws |water
-For |example |an |artery |has |high |pressure |that |travels |by |cells |and |"bathes" |them, |then |at |the
|venous |side |fluid |is |drawn |back |into |the |artery |via |osmotic |pressure.
, What |structure |regulates |thirst |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hypothalamus |- |it |tests
|the |tonicity |of |the |blood |and |decides |if |we |need |more |water |or |not
Fluid |output |come |from |what |4 |main |organs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Kidneys: |urination
-GI |tract: |BM
-Skin: |perspiration |(insensible |loss)
-Lungs: |exhalation |(insensible |loss)
Which |hormones |help |regulate |body |fluid |balance? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Aldosterone
-RAAS
-Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)
-Natriuretic |peptides
Aldosterone |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |main |mineralocorticoid |released |from |the |adrenal
|gland. |Aldosterone |causes |sodium |to |be |retained, |therefore |holding |in |water |(where |salt |goes
|water |follows).
What |stimulates |the |release |of |Aldosterone? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Decreased |BP
-Low |sodium |levels |(hyponatremia)
-High |potassium |levels |(hyperkalemia)
RAAS |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Renin |is |released |from |the |kidneys |in |response |to |low |BP
2. |Renin |stimulates |the |production |of |Angiotensin |I |from |Angiotensinogen |(produced |by |the
|liver |to |be |used |readily)
3. |Angiotensin |I |is |converted |to |Angiotensin |II |by |ACE |(produced |by |the |lungs)
4. |Angiotensin |II |acts |as |a |potent |vasoconstrictor |and |to |release |Aldosterone
Answers
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |infants? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-75-
80%
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |adult |males? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
60%
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |adult |females? |- |CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-50%
|
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |obese |adults? |Why? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-30-40% |because |of |the |increase |in |adipose |tissue, |and |decrease |in |muscle |mass
|in |obese |people
What |is |the |total |body |water |(TBW) |per |body |weight |in |elderly |adults? |Why? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-45% |because |they |have |a |decrease |in |muscle |mass |and |decreased |thirst
|mechanism |in |hypothalamus
List |some |functions |of |body |fluids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Maintain |blood |volume
-Regulate |body |temperature
-Transport |material |to |and |from |cells
-Serves |as |an |aqueous |medium |for |cellular |metabolism
-Assists |with |food |digestion
-Serves |as |a |medium |for |excreting |waste
,Intracellular |fluid |(ICF) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Fluid |within |the |cells
-2/3 |of |body |fluid |is |found |within |the |cells
Extracellular |fluid |(ECF) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Interstitial |- |fluid |between |the |cells
-Intravascular |- |vessels, |blood
-Transcellular |- |specialized |fluids |such |as |synovial |fluid, |cerebrospinal |fluid, |digestive |juices,
|peritoneal |fluid, |pleural |fluid...
The |2 |types |of |movement |of |fluids/electrolytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Passive |transport
-Active |transport
Passive |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-No |energy |is |expended |to |move |substances. |There
|are |3 |different |types |of |passive |transport; |diffusion, |osmosis, |and |filtration.
Active |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |is |required |to |move |substances |from |a |low
|concentration |to |a |high |concentration.
Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |passive |movement |of |solute |molecules |through |a
|permeable |membrane |from |[high] |to |[low]
Solute |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |particles |dissolved |in |the |solution
Solvent |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |liquid |substance |that |contains |the |solute
Osmosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |water |across |a |permeable |membrane
|from |low |concentration |of |solute |to |high |concentration |of |solute
,Osmolarity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |total |concentration |of |all |solute |particles |in |a |solution.
|Osmolarity |is |classified |as;
-Hypotonic
-Hypertonic
-Isotonic
Hypertonic |solution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |solution |in |which |the |concentration |of |solutes
|is |greater |than |that |of |the |cell |that |resides |in |the |solution. |Meaning |there |is |more |"salt" |in
|the |solution |than |in |the |RBC |so |water |will |leave |RBC |and |they |will |crenate.
Hypotonic |solution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |solution |in |which |the |concentration |of |solutes |is
|less |than |that |of |the |cell |that |resides |in |the |solution. |Meaning |there |is |more |"salt" |inside |the
|RBC |so |water |will |enter |the |RBC |and |they |will |lyse.
Filtration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Movement |of |both |water |and |small |molecules |through |a
|semi-permeable |membrane |from |an |area |of |high |pressure |to |low |pressure.
Filtration |occurs |due |to |hydrostatic |pressure |balanced |with |osmotic |pressure.
Hydrostatic |Pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Pressure |exerted |by |a |fluid |within |a |closed
|system
-Force |of |the |weight |of |water |molecules |pressing |against |confining |walls
-Moves |from |high |pressure |to |low |pressure
Osmotic |Pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--The |power |of |a |solution |to |draw |water
-A |highly |concentrated |solution |draws |water
-For |example |an |artery |has |high |pressure |that |travels |by |cells |and |"bathes" |them, |then |at |the
|venous |side |fluid |is |drawn |back |into |the |artery |via |osmotic |pressure.
, What |structure |regulates |thirst |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hypothalamus |- |it |tests
|the |tonicity |of |the |blood |and |decides |if |we |need |more |water |or |not
Fluid |output |come |from |what |4 |main |organs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Kidneys: |urination
-GI |tract: |BM
-Skin: |perspiration |(insensible |loss)
-Lungs: |exhalation |(insensible |loss)
Which |hormones |help |regulate |body |fluid |balance? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Aldosterone
-RAAS
-Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)
-Natriuretic |peptides
Aldosterone |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |main |mineralocorticoid |released |from |the |adrenal
|gland. |Aldosterone |causes |sodium |to |be |retained, |therefore |holding |in |water |(where |salt |goes
|water |follows).
What |stimulates |the |release |of |Aldosterone? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Decreased |BP
-Low |sodium |levels |(hyponatremia)
-High |potassium |levels |(hyperkalemia)
RAAS |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Renin |is |released |from |the |kidneys |in |response |to |low |BP
2. |Renin |stimulates |the |production |of |Angiotensin |I |from |Angiotensinogen |(produced |by |the
|liver |to |be |used |readily)
3. |Angiotensin |I |is |converted |to |Angiotensin |II |by |ACE |(produced |by |the |lungs)
4. |Angiotensin |II |acts |as |a |potent |vasoconstrictor |and |to |release |Aldosterone
