Pathopharmacology Final Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Which |nursing |action |is |the |priority |for |a |patient |with |Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA) |and |
hypokalemia
a) |providing |a |potassium-rich |diet |to |correct |potassium |deficiency
b) |placing |a |patient |on |a |cardiac |monitor |for |close |monitoring |of |cardiac |rhythm
c) |administering |kayexalate |to |correct |for |the |hypokalemia
d) |initiating |continuous |insulin |infusion |to |lower |blood |glucose |levels
B
A |physician |is |preparing |to |suture |a |laceration |on |the |finger-tip |of |a |6 |year |old |boy. |Which |of |
the |following |is |the |rational |for |NOT |using |lidocaine |with |epinephrine?
a) |the |anesthetic |is |not |needed |as |the |sutures |will |not |cause |pain
b) |the |epinephrine |can |cause |vasoconstriction |of |the |small |capillaries |in |the |finger |and |lead |to
|ischemia
c) |general |anesthesia |would |be |preferred
d) |epinephrine |could |cause |heart |dysrhythmias |for |the |patient
B
A |patient |with |asthma |is |prescribed |albuterol |for |symptom |relief. |Which |adverse |effect |should |
the |nurse |monitor |for |during |albuterol |therapy?
tachycardia
A |patient |is |scheduled |for |morning |medication |administration |of |albuterol |inhaler |and |a |
corticosteroid |inhaler. |What |is |the |correct |procedure |for |administering |these |medications?
a) |administer |the |albuterol |first |and |then |the |corticosteroid |inhaler
b) |either |medication |can |be |administered |first
c) |begin |with |the |corticosteroid |to |decrease |inflammation |in |the |bronchioles; |one |minute |later
|administer |the |albuterol
, d) |administer |the |albuterol |inhaler |first, |then |wait |one |minute; |administer |the |corticosteroid |
inhaler, |then |have |the |patient |rinse |their |mouth
D
A |patient |with |hypothyroidism |is |prescribed |Levothyroxine. |Which |parameter |should |the |nurse
|monitor |closely |to |assess |the |therapeutic |response |to |levothyroxine |therapy?
serum |TSH
A |patient |with |gout |is |prescribed |allopurinol |for |long-term |management. |Which |lab |parameter
|should |the |nurse |monitor |closely |to |assess |the |effectiveness |of |allopurinol |therapy?
serum |uric |acid |levels
A |patient |with |osteoarthritis |is |prescribed |with |an |NSAID |for |pain |management. |Which |
adverse |effect |of |NSAIDs |should |the |nurse |monitor |the |patient |for?
gastric |ulcer
Which |of |the |following |statements |accurately |describes |the |respiratory |drive |in |a |patient |with |
COPD?
a) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |the |ANS |and |is |not |significantly |affected |by |
changes |in |arterial |blood |gas
b) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |high |arterial |CO2 |levels |due |to |chronic |
hypercapnia
c) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |low |arterial |O2 |levels |due |to |chronic |
hypoxemia
d) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |changes |in |pH |levels |in |the |CSF |caused |by |
alterations |in |CO2 |levels
B
In |a |patient |with |chronic |pain |managed |by |a |transdermal |fentanyl |patch, |the |nurse |observes |
episodes |of |breakthrough |pain |despite |the |current |treatment |regimen. |How |does |the |nurse |
anticipate |addressing |this |specific |type |of |pain |to |ensure |effective |pain |management |and |
relief?
a) |administering |a |higher |dose |of |fentanyl |patch |to |address |the |breakthrough |pain
b) |providing |doses |of |rapid-acting |opioids |such |as |morphine |on |a |PRN |basis
c) |switching |the |patient |to |a |non-opioid |medication |via |oral |administration
d) |administering |the |fentanyl |IV |push |for |faster |relief
With Correct Answers
Which |nursing |action |is |the |priority |for |a |patient |with |Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA) |and |
hypokalemia
a) |providing |a |potassium-rich |diet |to |correct |potassium |deficiency
b) |placing |a |patient |on |a |cardiac |monitor |for |close |monitoring |of |cardiac |rhythm
c) |administering |kayexalate |to |correct |for |the |hypokalemia
d) |initiating |continuous |insulin |infusion |to |lower |blood |glucose |levels
B
A |physician |is |preparing |to |suture |a |laceration |on |the |finger-tip |of |a |6 |year |old |boy. |Which |of |
the |following |is |the |rational |for |NOT |using |lidocaine |with |epinephrine?
a) |the |anesthetic |is |not |needed |as |the |sutures |will |not |cause |pain
b) |the |epinephrine |can |cause |vasoconstriction |of |the |small |capillaries |in |the |finger |and |lead |to
|ischemia
c) |general |anesthesia |would |be |preferred
d) |epinephrine |could |cause |heart |dysrhythmias |for |the |patient
B
A |patient |with |asthma |is |prescribed |albuterol |for |symptom |relief. |Which |adverse |effect |should |
the |nurse |monitor |for |during |albuterol |therapy?
tachycardia
A |patient |is |scheduled |for |morning |medication |administration |of |albuterol |inhaler |and |a |
corticosteroid |inhaler. |What |is |the |correct |procedure |for |administering |these |medications?
a) |administer |the |albuterol |first |and |then |the |corticosteroid |inhaler
b) |either |medication |can |be |administered |first
c) |begin |with |the |corticosteroid |to |decrease |inflammation |in |the |bronchioles; |one |minute |later
|administer |the |albuterol
, d) |administer |the |albuterol |inhaler |first, |then |wait |one |minute; |administer |the |corticosteroid |
inhaler, |then |have |the |patient |rinse |their |mouth
D
A |patient |with |hypothyroidism |is |prescribed |Levothyroxine. |Which |parameter |should |the |nurse
|monitor |closely |to |assess |the |therapeutic |response |to |levothyroxine |therapy?
serum |TSH
A |patient |with |gout |is |prescribed |allopurinol |for |long-term |management. |Which |lab |parameter
|should |the |nurse |monitor |closely |to |assess |the |effectiveness |of |allopurinol |therapy?
serum |uric |acid |levels
A |patient |with |osteoarthritis |is |prescribed |with |an |NSAID |for |pain |management. |Which |
adverse |effect |of |NSAIDs |should |the |nurse |monitor |the |patient |for?
gastric |ulcer
Which |of |the |following |statements |accurately |describes |the |respiratory |drive |in |a |patient |with |
COPD?
a) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |the |ANS |and |is |not |significantly |affected |by |
changes |in |arterial |blood |gas
b) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |high |arterial |CO2 |levels |due |to |chronic |
hypercapnia
c) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |low |arterial |O2 |levels |due |to |chronic |
hypoxemia
d) |The |respiratory |drive |is |primarily |stimulated |by |changes |in |pH |levels |in |the |CSF |caused |by |
alterations |in |CO2 |levels
B
In |a |patient |with |chronic |pain |managed |by |a |transdermal |fentanyl |patch, |the |nurse |observes |
episodes |of |breakthrough |pain |despite |the |current |treatment |regimen. |How |does |the |nurse |
anticipate |addressing |this |specific |type |of |pain |to |ensure |effective |pain |management |and |
relief?
a) |administering |a |higher |dose |of |fentanyl |patch |to |address |the |breakthrough |pain
b) |providing |doses |of |rapid-acting |opioids |such |as |morphine |on |a |PRN |basis
c) |switching |the |patient |to |a |non-opioid |medication |via |oral |administration
d) |administering |the |fentanyl |IV |push |for |faster |relief
