ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
What is a stressor? - (ANSWER)something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and elicits a stress
response
What is a stress response - (ANSWER)involves activation of multiple physiological systems during
perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - (ANSWER)as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - (ANSWER)enhance survival of an organisms by
restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - (ANSWER)through neural transmitters, endocrine
hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
(ANSWER)determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
What is a resilient animal to stress - (ANSWER)they are able to resist, cope, or completely recover from
perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - (ANSWER)can lead to hyper-responsiveness to
the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - (ANSWER)Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - (ANSWER)mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - (ANSWER)bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
,ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - (ANSWER)weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus contortus in european
sheep? Why? - (ANSWER)Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in the growing grass, which the sheep
eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - (ANSWER)Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - (ANSWER)believed that as CO2 increases, so does the
infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - (ANSWER)Herpes and influenza
How does a viral infection worsen in the body - (ANSWER)when circadian rhythm is abolished by
disruption of a key circadian clock gene
What is the key circadian clock gene - (ANSWER)BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - (ANSWER)blood concentration decreases in the
winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors - (ANSWER)matching
animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may increase risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - (ANSWER)Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
, ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil - (ANSWER)Holstein/Gir
cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep? - (ANSWER)Gulf
Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - (ANSWER)tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - (ANSWER)1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - (ANSWER)SAM activates within
seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
Describe the steps of the SAM axis (2) - (ANSWER)1. immediate release of Acetylcholine (ACH) from
sympathetic nerve fibres to the adrenal medulla
2. in the adrenal, Nicotinic ACH receptors (NiAchR) triggers the secretions of epinepherine (EPI) and
norepinephrine (NEPI)
How do catecholamines mediate their physiological responses - (ANSWER)via tissue and cell-specific
expression of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
How do concentrations of circulating catecholamines vary throughout the day and season (4 including
where they came from) - (ANSWER)they are under the influence of melatonin (from the pineal gland),
andrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTCH, anterior pituitary), glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex), and gonadal
steroids
What cells synthesize NEPI and EPI - (ANSWER)adrenal chromaffin cells
How does NEPI convert to EPI - (ANSWER)through the enzyme Phenylathanolamine N-methyltransferase
(PNMT)
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
What is a stressor? - (ANSWER)something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and elicits a stress
response
What is a stress response - (ANSWER)involves activation of multiple physiological systems during
perceived danger
How does a stress response manifest - (ANSWER)as a fight, flight or freeze response
What is short-term stress response designed to do - (ANSWER)enhance survival of an organisms by
restoring physiological homeostasis
How is a stress sensory input relayed to the brain (3) - (ANSWER)through neural transmitters, endocrine
hormones and immune cytokines
How is variation in stress response determined by (3) and how are they regulated -
(ANSWER)determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gene-by-environment interactions.
Regulated by epigenetics mechanisms
What is a resilient animal to stress - (ANSWER)they are able to resist, cope, or completely recover from
perceived danger
What happened if an animal is sensitized to a stressor - (ANSWER)can lead to hyper-responsiveness to
the same stressor or other stressors during subsequent exposure
What are 3 examples of physical stressors - (ANSWER)Heat, cold, climate change
What is an example of a chemical stressor - (ANSWER)mycotoxins
What is an example of a biological stressor (4) - (ANSWER)bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite
,ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
infectious stressor
What is an example of a physiological stressor - (ANSWER)weaning
What was found to be the most infectious time of the year for the haemonchus contortus in european
sheep? Why? - (ANSWER)Jul, Aug, Sept. The parasite can grow in the growing grass, which the sheep
eat, and get infected from
What is Q0 - (ANSWER)Potential infection pressure
How does CO2 relate to infection pressure - (ANSWER)believed that as CO2 increases, so does the
infection pressure
The time of day regulates what 2 viruses in mice - (ANSWER)Herpes and influenza
How does a viral infection worsen in the body - (ANSWER)when circadian rhythm is abolished by
disruption of a key circadian clock gene
What is the key circadian clock gene - (ANSWER)BMAL 1
How does BMAL 1 change in humans during the year - (ANSWER)blood concentration decreases in the
winter, and can be correlated to the increased risk of infection during the winter
What is the most critical component to animal management in regards to stressors - (ANSWER)matching
animals to their environment. Miss-match can lead to stress and may increase risk of disease
What is the most appropriate breed for a dog in an apartment - (ANSWER)Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
, ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for accuracy) (Questions
+ Answers) Solved 100% Correct!!
what is the best dairy breed if you want to increase dairy production in Brazil - (ANSWER)Holstein/Gir
cross
What breed would you use to increase resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep? - (ANSWER)Gulf
Coast
What fish species grows well in warm water - (ANSWER)tilapia
What are the 2 different stress axes - (ANSWER)1. sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
2. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex (HPA)
What is the difference between activation times of SAM and HPA - (ANSWER)SAM activates within
seconds, and HPA is delayed to minutes and peaks within hours
Describe the steps of the SAM axis (2) - (ANSWER)1. immediate release of Acetylcholine (ACH) from
sympathetic nerve fibres to the adrenal medulla
2. in the adrenal, Nicotinic ACH receptors (NiAchR) triggers the secretions of epinepherine (EPI) and
norepinephrine (NEPI)
How do catecholamines mediate their physiological responses - (ANSWER)via tissue and cell-specific
expression of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
How do concentrations of circulating catecholamines vary throughout the day and season (4 including
where they came from) - (ANSWER)they are under the influence of melatonin (from the pineal gland),
andrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTCH, anterior pituitary), glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex), and gonadal
steroids
What cells synthesize NEPI and EPI - (ANSWER)adrenal chromaffin cells
How does NEPI convert to EPI - (ANSWER)through the enzyme Phenylathanolamine N-methyltransferase
(PNMT)
