NR507 – NURSE PRACTITIONER
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
LATEST
Question 1
A patient with long-standing hypertension presents with left ventricular
hypertrophy. This adaptation occurs primarily due to:
A. Increased preload
B. Chronic pressure overload
C. Reduced cardiac output
D. Increased venous return
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases afterload, leading to concentric
ventricular hypertrophy.
,Question 2
Which mechanism best explains pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure?
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Decreased pulmonary capillary pressure
C. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Left ventricular failure increases pulmonary venous pressure, causing
fluid leakage into alveoli.
Question 3
A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory response is
expected?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Increased bicarbonate excretion
C. Hyperventilation
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperventilation reduces PaCO₂ to compensate for metabolic acidosis.
Question 4
Which condition results from destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the
neuromuscular junction?
A. Lambert-Eaton syndrome
B. Myasthenia gravis
C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D. Multiple sclerosis
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting postsynaptic
ACh receptors.
Question 5
A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. The primary mechanism is:
A. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
B. Portal hypertension and sodium retention
C. Increased erythropoietin
D. Reduced aldosterone secretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Portal hypertension and secondary hyperaldosteronism promote fluid
accumulation.
Question 6
Which finding is most characteristic of nephritic syndrome?
A. Massive proteinuria
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Hematuria with red blood cell casts
D. Generalized edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome causes glomerular inflammation with hematuria.
, Question 7
A patient presents with tremor, heat intolerance, and weight loss. Which hormone
is elevated?
A. Cortisol
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism causes elevated thyroid hormones.
Question 8
Which condition is most associated with decreased surfactant production?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surfactant deficiency leads to alveolar collapse in neonates.
Question 9
A patient presents with recurrent kidney stones and hypercalcemia. Which
endocrine disorder should be suspected?
A. Hypoparathyroidism
B. Hyperparathyroidism
C. Addison disease
D. SIADH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess PTH increases serum calcium and stone formation.
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
LATEST
Question 1
A patient with long-standing hypertension presents with left ventricular
hypertrophy. This adaptation occurs primarily due to:
A. Increased preload
B. Chronic pressure overload
C. Reduced cardiac output
D. Increased venous return
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases afterload, leading to concentric
ventricular hypertrophy.
,Question 2
Which mechanism best explains pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure?
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Decreased pulmonary capillary pressure
C. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Left ventricular failure increases pulmonary venous pressure, causing
fluid leakage into alveoli.
Question 3
A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory response is
expected?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Increased bicarbonate excretion
C. Hyperventilation
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperventilation reduces PaCO₂ to compensate for metabolic acidosis.
Question 4
Which condition results from destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the
neuromuscular junction?
A. Lambert-Eaton syndrome
B. Myasthenia gravis
C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D. Multiple sclerosis
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting postsynaptic
ACh receptors.
Question 5
A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. The primary mechanism is:
A. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
B. Portal hypertension and sodium retention
C. Increased erythropoietin
D. Reduced aldosterone secretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Portal hypertension and secondary hyperaldosteronism promote fluid
accumulation.
Question 6
Which finding is most characteristic of nephritic syndrome?
A. Massive proteinuria
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Hematuria with red blood cell casts
D. Generalized edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome causes glomerular inflammation with hematuria.
, Question 7
A patient presents with tremor, heat intolerance, and weight loss. Which hormone
is elevated?
A. Cortisol
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism causes elevated thyroid hormones.
Question 8
Which condition is most associated with decreased surfactant production?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surfactant deficiency leads to alveolar collapse in neonates.
Question 9
A patient presents with recurrent kidney stones and hypercalcemia. Which
endocrine disorder should be suspected?
A. Hypoparathyroidism
B. Hyperparathyroidism
C. Addison disease
D. SIADH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess PTH increases serum calcium and stone formation.
