AFLCA Exercise Theory Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is an agonist? (Skeletal muscles) - CORRECT ANSWER Prime mover.
Contraction (shortening). Responsible for bringing about the movement
What is an antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWER The muscle that can slow down or stop
the movement. Assists in joint stabilization.
What is a synergist? - CORRECT ANSWER Assists indirectly the muscle surrounding
the joint being moved and also supporting it in the action. Not the main player but they help.
What is a stabilizer? - CORRECT ANSWER To secure a joint or body segment while
another movement takes place.
What 3 muscles make up the hamstring? - CORRECT ANSWER Biceps femoris.
Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus
What muscles make up the quads? - CORRECT ANSWER Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius (deepest)
Vastus medialis
What muscles are required for shoulder flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior
deltoid, Pectoralis major, biceps brachii
What muscles are required for shoulder extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Latissimus
dorsi
What muscles are required for shoulder adduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Pectoralis
major, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are required for scapula elevation? - CORRECT ANSWER Trapezius -
upper area
What muscles are required for scapula retraction? - CORRECT ANSWER Rhomboids,
Trapezius - middle area
What muscles are required for trunk flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Rectus
abdominus
, What muscles are require for trunk lateral flexion (standing side bend)? - CORRECT
ANSWER External oblique, internal oblique
What muscles are required for hip flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Illiopsoas
What muscles are required for hip abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Gluteus
minimus
What muscles are required for hip extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Hamstring
What muscles are required for knee flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Hamstrings
What muscles are required for knee extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Quads
What muscles are required for ankle plantar flexion? (Raising up on toes)? - CORRECT
ANSWER Gastrocnemius, soleus
What is flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjacent bones move together, thereby
DECREASING the angle between them
What is extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjacent bones move apart thereby
INCREASING the angle between them
What is abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Arms or legs move laterally, AWAY from
the midline of the body. Movement occurs along frontal plane
What is adduction? - CORRECT ANSWER A body segment moves medially
TOWARD the midline of the body. Occurs along frontal plane
What is medial and lateral rotation? - CORRECT ANSWER Medial: moves around it's
own long axis toward the midline
Lateral: moves around it's own long axis away from the midline
What is lateral flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Head or torso bends to the side (frontal
plane)
What is hyperextension? - CORRECT ANSWER An extension movement continued
beyond the anatomical position
What is dorsiflexion? - CORRECT ANSWER The top of the foot moves towards the
shin
What is plantar flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER The top of the foot moves away from
the shin or raising up on toes
What is horizontal abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of a limb AWAY
from the midline of the body along the horizontal/transverse plane
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is an agonist? (Skeletal muscles) - CORRECT ANSWER Prime mover.
Contraction (shortening). Responsible for bringing about the movement
What is an antagonist? - CORRECT ANSWER The muscle that can slow down or stop
the movement. Assists in joint stabilization.
What is a synergist? - CORRECT ANSWER Assists indirectly the muscle surrounding
the joint being moved and also supporting it in the action. Not the main player but they help.
What is a stabilizer? - CORRECT ANSWER To secure a joint or body segment while
another movement takes place.
What 3 muscles make up the hamstring? - CORRECT ANSWER Biceps femoris.
Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus
What muscles make up the quads? - CORRECT ANSWER Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius (deepest)
Vastus medialis
What muscles are required for shoulder flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior
deltoid, Pectoralis major, biceps brachii
What muscles are required for shoulder extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Latissimus
dorsi
What muscles are required for shoulder adduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Pectoralis
major, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are required for scapula elevation? - CORRECT ANSWER Trapezius -
upper area
What muscles are required for scapula retraction? - CORRECT ANSWER Rhomboids,
Trapezius - middle area
What muscles are required for trunk flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Rectus
abdominus
, What muscles are require for trunk lateral flexion (standing side bend)? - CORRECT
ANSWER External oblique, internal oblique
What muscles are required for hip flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Illiopsoas
What muscles are required for hip abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Gluteus
minimus
What muscles are required for hip extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Hamstring
What muscles are required for knee flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Hamstrings
What muscles are required for knee extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Quads
What muscles are required for ankle plantar flexion? (Raising up on toes)? - CORRECT
ANSWER Gastrocnemius, soleus
What is flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjacent bones move together, thereby
DECREASING the angle between them
What is extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjacent bones move apart thereby
INCREASING the angle between them
What is abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Arms or legs move laterally, AWAY from
the midline of the body. Movement occurs along frontal plane
What is adduction? - CORRECT ANSWER A body segment moves medially
TOWARD the midline of the body. Occurs along frontal plane
What is medial and lateral rotation? - CORRECT ANSWER Medial: moves around it's
own long axis toward the midline
Lateral: moves around it's own long axis away from the midline
What is lateral flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER Head or torso bends to the side (frontal
plane)
What is hyperextension? - CORRECT ANSWER An extension movement continued
beyond the anatomical position
What is dorsiflexion? - CORRECT ANSWER The top of the foot moves towards the
shin
What is plantar flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER The top of the foot moves away from
the shin or raising up on toes
What is horizontal abduction? - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of a limb AWAY
from the midline of the body along the horizontal/transverse plane
