CVRP - Domain 1 - Part 2 Schools of
Psychology Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of psychology that used
introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
W. Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER founder of psychology; founded first official lab;
attempted to study and analyze consciousness
- He separated Psychology from Philosophy by analyzing the mind in a more structured way
Titcherner - CORRECT ANSWER Attempted to classify the mind like a chemist (H20)
Sensations had four distinct properties (intensity, duration, quality and extent)
Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER the science of behaviour that focuses on
observable behaviour only
contiguity theory - CORRECT ANSWER Guthrie's idea that learning depends on a
stimulus and response occurring together in time rather than depending on reinforcement.
4 principles of Contiguity Theory - CORRECT ANSWER 1) person must actively
respond
2) instructions must present very specific tasks
3) exposure to many variation in stimuli
4) the last response when learning should be correct since this is what individual will
associate to
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER a learning process that occurs when two
stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is
eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. -PAVLOV
, Joseph Wolpe - CORRECT ANSWER applied pavlov classical conditioning to treat
anxiety. He joined realization with an anxiety - causing stimulus to render the stimulus
harmless.
- Systematic desensitization - (similar to exposure therapy)
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER a type of learning in which behaviour is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Operant conditioning
positive reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER increasing behaviours by presenting
positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a
response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER Increasing behaviours by stopping or
reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when
removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not
punishment.)
avoidance learning - CORRECT ANSWER similar to negative reinforcement but the
desired behaviour serves to prevent the onset of a noxious stimulus - EX criticism from a
supervisor exhibits desired behaviour to avoid consequences
negative punishment - CORRECT ANSWER Removing a desired stimulus after
particular undesired behaviour is exhibited, resulting in reducing behaviour in future
positive punishment - CORRECT ANSWER giving what they don't like after
undesirable behaviour
extinction - CORRECT ANSWER withholding the pleasing stimulus that is
maintaining the unwanted behaviour each time it occurs and until the behaviour decreases to
desired level
Psychology Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER an early school of psychology that used
introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
W. Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER founder of psychology; founded first official lab;
attempted to study and analyze consciousness
- He separated Psychology from Philosophy by analyzing the mind in a more structured way
Titcherner - CORRECT ANSWER Attempted to classify the mind like a chemist (H20)
Sensations had four distinct properties (intensity, duration, quality and extent)
Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER the science of behaviour that focuses on
observable behaviour only
contiguity theory - CORRECT ANSWER Guthrie's idea that learning depends on a
stimulus and response occurring together in time rather than depending on reinforcement.
4 principles of Contiguity Theory - CORRECT ANSWER 1) person must actively
respond
2) instructions must present very specific tasks
3) exposure to many variation in stimuli
4) the last response when learning should be correct since this is what individual will
associate to
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER a learning process that occurs when two
stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is
eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. -PAVLOV
, Joseph Wolpe - CORRECT ANSWER applied pavlov classical conditioning to treat
anxiety. He joined realization with an anxiety - causing stimulus to render the stimulus
harmless.
- Systematic desensitization - (similar to exposure therapy)
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER a type of learning in which behaviour is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Operant conditioning
positive reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER increasing behaviours by presenting
positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a
response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER Increasing behaviours by stopping or
reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when
removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not
punishment.)
avoidance learning - CORRECT ANSWER similar to negative reinforcement but the
desired behaviour serves to prevent the onset of a noxious stimulus - EX criticism from a
supervisor exhibits desired behaviour to avoid consequences
negative punishment - CORRECT ANSWER Removing a desired stimulus after
particular undesired behaviour is exhibited, resulting in reducing behaviour in future
positive punishment - CORRECT ANSWER giving what they don't like after
undesirable behaviour
extinction - CORRECT ANSWER withholding the pleasing stimulus that is
maintaining the unwanted behaviour each time it occurs and until the behaviour decreases to
desired level
