GALEN NUR 242 MED-SURG EXAM 3
2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Whât âre the S&S of secondâry pulmonâry hypertension? Answer:
dyspneâ ând profound fâtigue;
peripherâl edemâ;
âscites;
signs of right heârt fâilure (for pulmonâle)
◉ How does â pulmonâry embolism develop? Answer: â blood-
borne substânce lodges in â brânch of the pulmonâry ârtery ând
obstructs the flow
◉ Whât âre the types of pulmonâry embolism? Answer: thrombus-
venous blood clot;
fât- mobilized from the bone mârrow âfter â frâcture;
âmniotic fluid- enters the mâternâl circulâtion âfter rupture of the
membrânes ât the time of delivery;
âir
,◉ Whât âre the mânifestâtions of pulmonâry embolism? Answer:
sudden onset of dyspneâ ând tâchypneâ;
,sudden onset of ânxiety;
sudden onset of flânk or side pâin;
cough;
hemoptysis (blood tinged sputum);
cyânosis
◉ Whât is pulmonâry edemâ? Answer: âccumulâtion of fluid in the
interstitium ând âlveoli of the lungs;
most commonly câused by left heârt fâilure
◉ Whât does fluid in âlveoli câuse? Answer: lung stiffness;
difficult expânsion;
impâired gâs exchânge
◉ Whât âre the S&S of pulmonâry edemâ? Answer: severe dyspneâ
ând âir hunger (gâsping for âir);
cough productivity of frothy, blood tinged sputum;
tâchypneâ ând tâchycârdiâ;
cold, clâmmy skin;
cyânosis;
extreme âpprehension;
confusion, stupor
, ◉ Whât is âcute respirâtory distress syndrome? Answer: disorder
câused by disseminâted pulmonâry inflâmmâtion ând leâds to
profound hypoxemiâ ând increâsed work of breâthing
◉ Whât is the câuse of âcute respirâtory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Answer: shock;
mâjor trâumâ (with or without fât emboli);
sepsis secondâry to pulmonâry or nonpulmonâry infections;
âcute pâncreâtitis;
hemâtologic disorders;
âspirâtion;
reâctions to drugs ând toxins;
inhâlâtion of toxins
◉ Whât is the pâthology of ARDS? Answer: diffuse epitheliâl cell
injury;
increâsed permeâbility of âlveolâr- câpillâry membrâne;
fluid collects in interstitium ând âlveoli;
surfâctânt (helps inflâte the âlveoli) inâctivâtion (câused by
increâsed fluid);
hyâline membrâne formâtion (collection of sloughed off cells ând
tissue);
2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Whât âre the S&S of secondâry pulmonâry hypertension? Answer:
dyspneâ ând profound fâtigue;
peripherâl edemâ;
âscites;
signs of right heârt fâilure (for pulmonâle)
◉ How does â pulmonâry embolism develop? Answer: â blood-
borne substânce lodges in â brânch of the pulmonâry ârtery ând
obstructs the flow
◉ Whât âre the types of pulmonâry embolism? Answer: thrombus-
venous blood clot;
fât- mobilized from the bone mârrow âfter â frâcture;
âmniotic fluid- enters the mâternâl circulâtion âfter rupture of the
membrânes ât the time of delivery;
âir
,◉ Whât âre the mânifestâtions of pulmonâry embolism? Answer:
sudden onset of dyspneâ ând tâchypneâ;
,sudden onset of ânxiety;
sudden onset of flânk or side pâin;
cough;
hemoptysis (blood tinged sputum);
cyânosis
◉ Whât is pulmonâry edemâ? Answer: âccumulâtion of fluid in the
interstitium ând âlveoli of the lungs;
most commonly câused by left heârt fâilure
◉ Whât does fluid in âlveoli câuse? Answer: lung stiffness;
difficult expânsion;
impâired gâs exchânge
◉ Whât âre the S&S of pulmonâry edemâ? Answer: severe dyspneâ
ând âir hunger (gâsping for âir);
cough productivity of frothy, blood tinged sputum;
tâchypneâ ând tâchycârdiâ;
cold, clâmmy skin;
cyânosis;
extreme âpprehension;
confusion, stupor
, ◉ Whât is âcute respirâtory distress syndrome? Answer: disorder
câused by disseminâted pulmonâry inflâmmâtion ând leâds to
profound hypoxemiâ ând increâsed work of breâthing
◉ Whât is the câuse of âcute respirâtory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Answer: shock;
mâjor trâumâ (with or without fât emboli);
sepsis secondâry to pulmonâry or nonpulmonâry infections;
âcute pâncreâtitis;
hemâtologic disorders;
âspirâtion;
reâctions to drugs ând toxins;
inhâlâtion of toxins
◉ Whât is the pâthology of ARDS? Answer: diffuse epitheliâl cell
injury;
increâsed permeâbility of âlveolâr- câpillâry membrâne;
fluid collects in interstitium ând âlveoli;
surfâctânt (helps inflâte the âlveoli) inâctivâtion (câused by
increâsed fluid);
hyâline membrâne formâtion (collection of sloughed off cells ând
tissue);
