NEW ANES FINAL EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
What general anesthetic protocol was found to have a live pup birth
rate similar to epidural anesthesia during C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>propofol or alfaxalone induction with
isoflurane maintenance
T/F: Atropine given to a pregnant animal will increase fetal heart
rate. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>FALSE - atropine isn't effective until at least 2 wks
of age
What drug classes are associated with worsened pup survival following
C-section? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>methoxyflurane and xylazine
Doxapram is NOT effective during -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>hypoxemia
Page 1 of 37
, T/F: Puppies in utero are NOT sentient, conscious, or able to feel
pain - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>TRUE
What drugs should you use for an angus cow C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>Premeds: none or an alpha2 induction: local
technique or epidural maintenance: local block with xylazine
analgesic: NSAIDs or opiates
What drugs should you use for a bulldog C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>premeds: opiate induction: propofol
maintenance: iso or sevo analgesic: NSAID or opiate
O2 consumption increases__ % during pregnancy -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>20
CO increases % during pregnancy - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>40
GI considerations during pregnancy - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>-
increased progesterone levels decrease gastric emptying ->
aspiration
-uterus displaces pylorus -> decreased lung volume
-increased gastrin levels reduce gastric pH
What premeds should be avoided for C-sections? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>alpha-2 agonists, benzos
Page 2 of 37
,gold standard maintenance method for fetal viability with C-
sections? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>epidural (but iso/propofol
have similar results)
Neonates require O2 rates 2-3x (higher or lower) than adults. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>higher
What drug class can be useful in preventing bradycardia in pediatric
patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>naloxone or doxapram
Should you be concerned if a pediatric puppy has a MAP slightly below
60 during anesthesia? - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>No - autoregulation is left
shifted
T/F: It is a good idea to always give neonatal patients glucose during
anesthesia. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>FALSE - only give if the
animal is actually hypoglycemic
Injectable anesthetics should not be used in pups/kittens less than -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>4 weeks old
Why might recovery from lipophilic anesthetics be prolonged in the
older patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>older patients may have a larger lipophilic reservoir due
to increased adipose
Page 3 of 37
, Why are older animals often borderline hypoxic when awake? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>- decreased lung elasticity and chest
compliance
- premature closure of small airways during
tidal breathing - increased alveolar dead
space
Alpha-2 agonists should only be used in geriatric patients in the
absence of - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>valvular disease and/or pulmonary
hypertension bradycardia in a neonate may indicate -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>hypoxemia
CO in neonates is (greater or lower) than adults -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>greater
BP in neonates is (greater or lower) than adults -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>lower
When does GFR mature? - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>2-3 weeks of age
T/F: Preoperative fasting is unnecessary in neonates. -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>TRUE
What are some age-related changes seen in old dogs? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>decreased
MAC, decreased hepatic and renal mass, decreased CO
Page 4 of 37
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
What general anesthetic protocol was found to have a live pup birth
rate similar to epidural anesthesia during C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>propofol or alfaxalone induction with
isoflurane maintenance
T/F: Atropine given to a pregnant animal will increase fetal heart
rate. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>FALSE - atropine isn't effective until at least 2 wks
of age
What drug classes are associated with worsened pup survival following
C-section? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>methoxyflurane and xylazine
Doxapram is NOT effective during -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>hypoxemia
Page 1 of 37
, T/F: Puppies in utero are NOT sentient, conscious, or able to feel
pain - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>TRUE
What drugs should you use for an angus cow C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>Premeds: none or an alpha2 induction: local
technique or epidural maintenance: local block with xylazine
analgesic: NSAIDs or opiates
What drugs should you use for a bulldog C-section? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>premeds: opiate induction: propofol
maintenance: iso or sevo analgesic: NSAID or opiate
O2 consumption increases__ % during pregnancy -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>20
CO increases % during pregnancy - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>40
GI considerations during pregnancy - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>-
increased progesterone levels decrease gastric emptying ->
aspiration
-uterus displaces pylorus -> decreased lung volume
-increased gastrin levels reduce gastric pH
What premeds should be avoided for C-sections? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>alpha-2 agonists, benzos
Page 2 of 37
,gold standard maintenance method for fetal viability with C-
sections? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>epidural (but iso/propofol
have similar results)
Neonates require O2 rates 2-3x (higher or lower) than adults. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>higher
What drug class can be useful in preventing bradycardia in pediatric
patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>naloxone or doxapram
Should you be concerned if a pediatric puppy has a MAP slightly below
60 during anesthesia? - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>No - autoregulation is left
shifted
T/F: It is a good idea to always give neonatal patients glucose during
anesthesia. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>FALSE - only give if the
animal is actually hypoglycemic
Injectable anesthetics should not be used in pups/kittens less than -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>4 weeks old
Why might recovery from lipophilic anesthetics be prolonged in the
older patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>older patients may have a larger lipophilic reservoir due
to increased adipose
Page 3 of 37
, Why are older animals often borderline hypoxic when awake? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>- decreased lung elasticity and chest
compliance
- premature closure of small airways during
tidal breathing - increased alveolar dead
space
Alpha-2 agonists should only be used in geriatric patients in the
absence of - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>valvular disease and/or pulmonary
hypertension bradycardia in a neonate may indicate -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>hypoxemia
CO in neonates is (greater or lower) than adults -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>greater
BP in neonates is (greater or lower) than adults -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>lower
When does GFR mature? - ✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>2-3 weeks of age
T/F: Preoperative fasting is unnecessary in neonates. -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>TRUE
What are some age-related changes seen in old dogs? -
✔✔✔ANSWER>>>>decreased
MAC, decreased hepatic and renal mass, decreased CO
Page 4 of 37
