FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS | COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Lev Vygotsky's
sociocultural theory that emphasized the important role of social interactions in the
development of children's cognition.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>The place where the
most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given. It is the link between what
we can do and what we can't do.
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Someone who
has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner.
Vygotsky's Social Approach to Language Development -
✔✔ANSWER>>>>Language develops through social interactions.
Bandura's Social Learning Theory - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Learning occurs
through observation and modeling.
3 Types of Modeling - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Live models, direct instruction,
and symbolic instruction.
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,Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development -
✔✔ANSWER>>>>Based her work on Kohlberg's theories, but states
gender might influence ethical development.
Ethics of Care - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Women's moral and ethical decisions
often focus on way decisions will affect people and relationships.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Moral
development takes place in stages.
Preconventional Stage - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Moral development stage
where your behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments
Conventional Stage - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Moral development stage where
your behavior is influenced by peer pressure/society
Postconventional Stage - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Moral development stage
where your behavior is influenced by your own ethics
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>8 stages of
identify development where people are motivated by the need to achieve
competence in certain areas of their lives.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Popular motivational
theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943.
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, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Individuals
must satisfy a basic series of needs before they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Physiological, Safety,
Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-
Actualization, Transcendence
Maslow's Physiological Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Biological needs for
survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Protection from the elements,
law and order, financial security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Need for
interpersonal relationships - friendships, intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Self-respect, respect from
others, achievement, status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Curiosity, knowledge, and
intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need - ✔✔ANSWER>>>>Need focuses on the search
for and expression of beauty and balance.
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