Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1 (Endocrine,
Blood, Cardiac & Vasculature) Questions With Complete
Solutions
About how much of your body weight is blood? Correct
Answers ~8%
define diastolic pressure. Correct Answers lowest level of aortic
pressure when heart is at rest
Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). Correct Answers
pressure that propels blood to tissues
define pulse pressure. Correct Answers difference between
systolic and diastolic pressure
Define systolic pressure. Correct Answers pressure exerted in
aorta during ventricular contraction
Describe a granulocyte. Correct Answers larger and shorter-
lived than RBCs; contain lobed, rather than circular nuclei;
cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright's stain; all
are phagocytic to some degree
Describe a neutrophil. Correct Answers most numerous WBCs;
twice the size of RBCs; stain with acid and basic dyes; contain
either hydrolytic enzymes or antimicrobial proteins; aka
polymorphonuclear leukocytes because nucleus is lobular; very
phagocytic; defense granules merge with phagosome
,Describe basophils. Correct Answers rarest WBCs (.5 - 1%) of
leukocytes; nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions;
large purplish black (basophilic) granules contain histamine; are
functionally to mast cells
Describe eosinophils. Correct Answers account for 2-4% of all
leukocytes; nucleus has two lobes connected by a broad band;
red-staining granules contain digestive enzymes; PLAY A
ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA as well as immune
response modulators
Describe infectious mononucleosis. Correct Answers highly
contagious viral disease; caused by Epstein-barr virus; results in
high numbers of typical arganulocytes; runs course with rest in
4-6 weeks
Describe leukemia. Correct Answers cancerous condition
involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs; named according
to abnormal WBC clone involved; without tx, all leukemias
fatal; immature nonfunctional WBCs flood bloodstream;
cancerous cells fill red bone marrow, crowding out other cell
lines; death is usually from internal hemorrhage or
overwhelming infections; tx: irradiation, antileukemic drugs,
stem cell transplants
Describe lymphocytes. Correct Answers second most numerous
WBC, accounts for 25%; large, dark purple, circular nuclei with
thin rim or blue cytoplasm; mostly found in lymphoid tissue, but
a few circulate in blood; crucial to immunity
, Describe monocytes. Correct Answers largest of all leukocytes;
3-8% of all WBCs; abundant pale blue cytoplasm; dark purple-
staining, U shaped nuclei; leave circulation, enter tissues and
differentiate into macrophages; activate lymphocytes to mount
an immune response
How do the nervous system and endocrine system regulate each
other? Correct Answers neurons trigger hormone secretion;
hormones stimulate or inhibit neurons
How does afterload affect SV? Correct Answers hypertension
increases afterload, resulting in increased ESV and reduced SV
How does contractility affect SV? Correct Answers increased
contractility lowers ESV by increased positive inotropic agents
How does preload affect SV? Correct Answers increased
preload = increased contraction strength
How does the physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscle differ?
Correct Answers -Heart contracts as a unit
-Influx of calcium from extracellular fluid triggers calcium
release from SR (skeletal muscles do not use extracelluar
calcium)
-tetanic contractions cannot occur in cardiac muscles
-the heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration
Regulation of endocrine hormone action? Correct Answers
hormones, direct nerve input, environment within the body
Blood, Cardiac & Vasculature) Questions With Complete
Solutions
About how much of your body weight is blood? Correct
Answers ~8%
define diastolic pressure. Correct Answers lowest level of aortic
pressure when heart is at rest
Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). Correct Answers
pressure that propels blood to tissues
define pulse pressure. Correct Answers difference between
systolic and diastolic pressure
Define systolic pressure. Correct Answers pressure exerted in
aorta during ventricular contraction
Describe a granulocyte. Correct Answers larger and shorter-
lived than RBCs; contain lobed, rather than circular nuclei;
cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright's stain; all
are phagocytic to some degree
Describe a neutrophil. Correct Answers most numerous WBCs;
twice the size of RBCs; stain with acid and basic dyes; contain
either hydrolytic enzymes or antimicrobial proteins; aka
polymorphonuclear leukocytes because nucleus is lobular; very
phagocytic; defense granules merge with phagosome
,Describe basophils. Correct Answers rarest WBCs (.5 - 1%) of
leukocytes; nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions;
large purplish black (basophilic) granules contain histamine; are
functionally to mast cells
Describe eosinophils. Correct Answers account for 2-4% of all
leukocytes; nucleus has two lobes connected by a broad band;
red-staining granules contain digestive enzymes; PLAY A
ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA as well as immune
response modulators
Describe infectious mononucleosis. Correct Answers highly
contagious viral disease; caused by Epstein-barr virus; results in
high numbers of typical arganulocytes; runs course with rest in
4-6 weeks
Describe leukemia. Correct Answers cancerous condition
involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs; named according
to abnormal WBC clone involved; without tx, all leukemias
fatal; immature nonfunctional WBCs flood bloodstream;
cancerous cells fill red bone marrow, crowding out other cell
lines; death is usually from internal hemorrhage or
overwhelming infections; tx: irradiation, antileukemic drugs,
stem cell transplants
Describe lymphocytes. Correct Answers second most numerous
WBC, accounts for 25%; large, dark purple, circular nuclei with
thin rim or blue cytoplasm; mostly found in lymphoid tissue, but
a few circulate in blood; crucial to immunity
, Describe monocytes. Correct Answers largest of all leukocytes;
3-8% of all WBCs; abundant pale blue cytoplasm; dark purple-
staining, U shaped nuclei; leave circulation, enter tissues and
differentiate into macrophages; activate lymphocytes to mount
an immune response
How do the nervous system and endocrine system regulate each
other? Correct Answers neurons trigger hormone secretion;
hormones stimulate or inhibit neurons
How does afterload affect SV? Correct Answers hypertension
increases afterload, resulting in increased ESV and reduced SV
How does contractility affect SV? Correct Answers increased
contractility lowers ESV by increased positive inotropic agents
How does preload affect SV? Correct Answers increased
preload = increased contraction strength
How does the physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscle differ?
Correct Answers -Heart contracts as a unit
-Influx of calcium from extracellular fluid triggers calcium
release from SR (skeletal muscles do not use extracelluar
calcium)
-tetanic contractions cannot occur in cardiac muscles
-the heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration
Regulation of endocrine hormone action? Correct Answers
hormones, direct nerve input, environment within the body
