2026 LATEST MOCK PRACTICE SET 100%
QUARRANTED PASS .
Total Questions: 60
SECTION A — ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Questions 1–20
1. The primary pathophysiologic mechanism of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency
D. Excess glucagon secretion
2. A patient with left-sided heart failure most commonly develops:
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Ascites
D. Hepatic enlargement
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
,B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypercalcemia
4. The hallmark of chronic inflammation is:
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Tissue regeneration and fibrosis
C. Immediate vasodilation only
D. Platelet activation
5. Anemia of chronic disease occurs primarily due to:
A. Iron deficiency from bleeding
B. Increased erythropoietin production
C. Impaired iron utilization
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
6. Asthma pathophysiology primarily involves:
A. Fixed airway obstruction
B. Reversible bronchoconstriction and inflammation
, C. Alveolar destruction
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
7. The main cause of edema formation in nephrotic syndrome is:
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Reduced plasma albumin
C. Increased sodium excretion
D. Decreased capillary permeability
8. Which process causes myocardial infarction injury?
A. Chronic hypoxia only
B. Acute coronary artery occlusion
C. Valvular dysfunction
D. Increased preload
9. In metabolic acidosis, compensation occurs through:
A. Reduced respiratory rate
B. Increased bicarbonate retention