BIOL 1201 FINAL EXAM LSU TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL ANSWERS
2025-2026.
arrangement of subatomic particles - Answer The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the
protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom
are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).
mole - Answer a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities
such as atoms, molecules
molarity - Answer the moles of a solute per liters of a solution (mol/L)
how to solve problems using gram molecular weight to determine concentration (molarity) -
Answer 1. Divide given grams by the molar mass
2. Divide by liters provided
how to solve for pH - Answer -log[H+]
pH decreases as H+ increases
In order to calculate the pH, take the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. To find the
pOH, simply subtract the pH from 14.
In order to calculate the pOH, take the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration. To find
the pH, simply subtract pOH from 14.
[H+][OH-]= 10E-14
basic properties of water - Answer - Polar
- Hydrogen bonded
- Cohesive (hydrogen bonds hold the substance together) and adhesive (clinging go one
substance to another) properties
- High specific heat
- neutral pH
- universal solvent
- surface tension (a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid)
- less dense as solid than liquid
, - high heat of vaporization
importance of water properties on biological systems - Answer - Cohesion: helps plants take
up water at their roots
- High specific heat: moderates air temperature
- helps animals regulate body temperature
- role as a solvent facilitates the transport of molecules like oxygen for respiration and has a
major impact on the ability of drugs to reach their targets in the body
- contributes to the formation of membranes surrounding cells (polar phospholipid head and
non polar phospholipid tails)
hydroxyl group - Answer (-OH) or (HO-)
-polar due to electronegative oxygen
- forms hydrogen bonds with water
- compound name: alcohol
- example: ethanol
carbonyl group - Answer - sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses, those with
aldehydes are called aldoses
- compound name: ketone or aldehyde
- polar
- examples: acetone (simplest ketone) and propanal ( an aldehyde)
carboxyl group - Answer (-COOH)
- acts as an acid
- polar
- compound name: carboxylic acid, or organic acid
- examples: acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste
amino group - Answer (-NH2)
-acts as a base
- polar
- compound name: amine
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL ANSWERS
2025-2026.
arrangement of subatomic particles - Answer The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the
protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom
are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).
mole - Answer a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities
such as atoms, molecules
molarity - Answer the moles of a solute per liters of a solution (mol/L)
how to solve problems using gram molecular weight to determine concentration (molarity) -
Answer 1. Divide given grams by the molar mass
2. Divide by liters provided
how to solve for pH - Answer -log[H+]
pH decreases as H+ increases
In order to calculate the pH, take the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. To find the
pOH, simply subtract the pH from 14.
In order to calculate the pOH, take the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration. To find
the pH, simply subtract pOH from 14.
[H+][OH-]= 10E-14
basic properties of water - Answer - Polar
- Hydrogen bonded
- Cohesive (hydrogen bonds hold the substance together) and adhesive (clinging go one
substance to another) properties
- High specific heat
- neutral pH
- universal solvent
- surface tension (a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid)
- less dense as solid than liquid
, - high heat of vaporization
importance of water properties on biological systems - Answer - Cohesion: helps plants take
up water at their roots
- High specific heat: moderates air temperature
- helps animals regulate body temperature
- role as a solvent facilitates the transport of molecules like oxygen for respiration and has a
major impact on the ability of drugs to reach their targets in the body
- contributes to the formation of membranes surrounding cells (polar phospholipid head and
non polar phospholipid tails)
hydroxyl group - Answer (-OH) or (HO-)
-polar due to electronegative oxygen
- forms hydrogen bonds with water
- compound name: alcohol
- example: ethanol
carbonyl group - Answer - sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses, those with
aldehydes are called aldoses
- compound name: ketone or aldehyde
- polar
- examples: acetone (simplest ketone) and propanal ( an aldehyde)
carboxyl group - Answer (-COOH)
- acts as an acid
- polar
- compound name: carboxylic acid, or organic acid
- examples: acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste
amino group - Answer (-NH2)
-acts as a base
- polar
- compound name: amine
