Biology 1201 Final Exam Gregg Test
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026.
subatomic particles - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
Proton charge and location - Answer positive, nucleus
neutron charge and location - Answer neutral, nucleus
Electron charge and location - Answer negative (-) and outside nucleus in electron cloud
valence electrons - Answer electrons in the outermost shell
incomplete valence shells - Answer atoms can share or transfer electrons with other atoms,
or make chemical bonds
Atoms valence - Answer Bonding capacity = the number of unpaired electrons required to
complete valence shell
Chemically inert - Answer Atoms with a full valence shell, do not form bonds
Covalent bond - Answer the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Electronegativity - Answer A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to
attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer Share e- equally
polar covalent bond - Answer unequal sharing of electrons
The # of unpaired e- in the valence shell of an atom = - Answer Valence or # of covalent
bonds it can form
Properties of water - Answer cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion
upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
,cohesion of water molecules - Answer hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, helps
the transport of water against gravity in plants
moderation of temperature by water - Answer Water absorbs heat from warmer air and
releases stored heat to cooler air
Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own
temperature
Versatility as a Solvent (Water) - Answer The property of water that allows it to dissolve
polar substancess
Solute - Answer what is being dissolved
aqeuous solution - Answer a solution in which the solvent is waters
Solution - Answer A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent - Answer A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Expansion upon freezing of water - Answer Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than liquid
water. The lattice structure of ice makes it less dense than the freely flowing molecules of liquid
water, enabling it to float on water
Hydration Shell - Answer the sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
High specific heat of water allows - Answer Minimal temperature fluctuations to within limits
that permit life
Heat - Answer thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
kinetic energy - Answer energy of motion
potential energy - Answer stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Hydrophilic - Answer Affinity to water
, Hydrophobic - Answer Water fearing
if ice sank what would happen? - Answer all bodies of water would eventually freeze solid,
making life impossible on Earth
water's high specific heat - Answer Hydrogen Bonding
Heat absorbed - Answer hydrogen bonds break
Heat released - Answer hydrogen bonds form
Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. - Answer hydrogen
bonds
Surface tension (of water) - Answer A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
specific heat - Answer The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
a substance by 1 degree celcius
The pH of a solution is defined as - Answer -log[H+]
Acids - Answer Proton donors - produce H+ ions in water
Bases - Answer proton acceptors (take up H+ from solution)
In any aqueous solution @25C the product of H+ and OH- concentrations is constant @ -
Answer 10^-14
[H+][OH-]= - Answer 10^-14
Buffers - Answer Allow biological fluids to maintain relatively constant despite additions of
acids and bases
hydroxyl group (-OH) - Answer Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds
with water.
Compound name: Alcohol
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026.
subatomic particles - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
Proton charge and location - Answer positive, nucleus
neutron charge and location - Answer neutral, nucleus
Electron charge and location - Answer negative (-) and outside nucleus in electron cloud
valence electrons - Answer electrons in the outermost shell
incomplete valence shells - Answer atoms can share or transfer electrons with other atoms,
or make chemical bonds
Atoms valence - Answer Bonding capacity = the number of unpaired electrons required to
complete valence shell
Chemically inert - Answer Atoms with a full valence shell, do not form bonds
Covalent bond - Answer the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Electronegativity - Answer A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to
attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer Share e- equally
polar covalent bond - Answer unequal sharing of electrons
The # of unpaired e- in the valence shell of an atom = - Answer Valence or # of covalent
bonds it can form
Properties of water - Answer cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion
upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
,cohesion of water molecules - Answer hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, helps
the transport of water against gravity in plants
moderation of temperature by water - Answer Water absorbs heat from warmer air and
releases stored heat to cooler air
Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own
temperature
Versatility as a Solvent (Water) - Answer The property of water that allows it to dissolve
polar substancess
Solute - Answer what is being dissolved
aqeuous solution - Answer a solution in which the solvent is waters
Solution - Answer A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent - Answer A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Expansion upon freezing of water - Answer Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than liquid
water. The lattice structure of ice makes it less dense than the freely flowing molecules of liquid
water, enabling it to float on water
Hydration Shell - Answer the sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
High specific heat of water allows - Answer Minimal temperature fluctuations to within limits
that permit life
Heat - Answer thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
kinetic energy - Answer energy of motion
potential energy - Answer stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Hydrophilic - Answer Affinity to water
, Hydrophobic - Answer Water fearing
if ice sank what would happen? - Answer all bodies of water would eventually freeze solid,
making life impossible on Earth
water's high specific heat - Answer Hydrogen Bonding
Heat absorbed - Answer hydrogen bonds break
Heat released - Answer hydrogen bonds form
Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. - Answer hydrogen
bonds
Surface tension (of water) - Answer A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
specific heat - Answer The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
a substance by 1 degree celcius
The pH of a solution is defined as - Answer -log[H+]
Acids - Answer Proton donors - produce H+ ions in water
Bases - Answer proton acceptors (take up H+ from solution)
In any aqueous solution @25C the product of H+ and OH- concentrations is constant @ -
Answer 10^-14
[H+][OH-]= - Answer 10^-14
Buffers - Answer Allow biological fluids to maintain relatively constant despite additions of
acids and bases
hydroxyl group (-OH) - Answer Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds
with water.
Compound name: Alcohol
