Guide Questions with Actual Detailed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Chapter 4 vocab - Answer Socialization and The Construct of Reality
Socialization - Answer the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and
norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society; it starts before you
are born and keeps going
Self - Answer the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
I - Answer one's sense of agency, action, or power
Me - Answer the self as perceived as an object by the "I"; the self as one imagines others
perceive one
Other - Answer someone or something outside of oneself
Generalized other - Answer an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a
variety of settings—regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before
Status - Answer a recognizable social position that an individual occupies
Ascribed status - Answer a status you are born with; involuntary status
Achieved status - Answer a status you enter into or earn; voluntary status
Master status - Answer status that stands out or overrides all others
Status set - Answer all the statuses one holds simultaneously
Gender roles - Answer sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as male
or female
, Dramaturgical theory - Answer the view (by Erving Goffman) of social life as essentially a
theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts,
costumes, and sets
Face - Answer the esteem in which an individual is held by others
Symbolic interactionism - Answer a micro-level theory based on the idea that people act in
accordance with shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions
Ethnomethodology - Answer literally "the methods of the people"; an approach to studying
human interaction that focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this
understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order
Resocialization - Answer the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and
norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may take
place in a total institution.
Role - Answer the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
Role strain - Answer the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
Role conflict - Answer the tension caused by competing demands between two or more
roles pertaining to different statuses
Total Institution - Answer An institution in which one I totally immersed an that controls all
the basics of day to day life; no barries exist between the usual spheres of daily life and all
activity occurs in the same place under the same single authority
Chapter 5 vocab - Answer Groups and Networks
Dyad - Answer a group of two; the most intimate from of social life
Triad - Answer a group of three or more
Mediator - Answer the member of a triad who attempts to resolve conflict between the two
other actors in the group
Tertius gaudens - Answer the member of a triad who benefits from conflict between the
other two members of the group