Chapter 20 The Heart (BIOL 2458) Anatomy and
Physiology II UT Arlington Dr Frederick Questions With
Complete Solutions
Absolute refractory period Correct Answers membrane cannot
respond at all. Na+ channels already open, closed or inactivated.
Usually lasts between the duration of plateau and initial period
of rapid repolarization.
Afterload Correct Answers tension ventricle produces to open
semilunar valve and eject blood. Increased by any factor that
restricts
arterial blood flow. As afterload increases, stroke volume
decreases (indirect relationship)
Analyzing ECG Correct Answers Is done by measuring size of
voltage changes, determining
durations & temporal relationships of various components.
Amount of depolarization occurring during P wave & QRS
complex is important in diagnosing a disease. Size/shape of T
wave may show a condition that slows ventricular
repolarization. P-R interval over 200 msec indicate damage to
conducting pathway or AV node. Q-T interval lengthened may
indicate electrolyte imbalance, medication side effect.
Anterior & posterior interventricular sulcus Correct Answers
separate right and left ventricles, contain blood vessels
Anterior cardiac veins Correct Answers Empties into right
atrium.
,Arrhythmia Correct Answers irregularity in the normal rhythm
or force of the heartbeat.
Arteries Correct Answers Carry blood away from heart
Atrial diastole Correct Answers Begins at the same time as
ventricular systole. Atrial diastole continue till next cycle.
Ventricular contractions pushes AV valves closed but does not
create enough pressure to open semilunar valves.
Atrial systole Correct Answers lasts 100 msec. Over this period,
blood can't flow into the atria because atrial pressure exceeds
venous pressure. However, there is still a little backflow into the
veins because blood takes the path with least resistance.
Atrioventricular (AV) node Correct Answers Located at
junction between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) valves Correct Answers Located between
atria and ventricles. Blood pressure closes valve cusps during
ventricular contraction. Papillary muscles tense chordae
tendineae: prevent valves
from swinging into atria.
Atrioventricular valves (AV) Correct Answers Connect right
atrium to right ventricle and left atrium to
left ventricle. Permit bloodflow in one direction only, atria to
ventricle. Consist of fibrous flaps (cusps) that form bicuspid (2)
and tricuspid (3) valves.
, Auricle Correct Answers also called atrial appendage.
Expandable extension of the atrium.
Auscultation Correct Answers listening to heart, 4 heart sounds
(S1, S2, S3 and S4)
Automaticity Correct Answers Cardiac muscle contracts
automatically, even in the absence of neural or hormonal
stimulation.
Autonomic innervation Correct Answers Sympathetic &
parasympathetic division innervate heart
through cardiac plexus. (SA & AV nodes, atrial & ventricular
muscle cells) sympahtetic muscle cells outnumber
parasympatheric ones.
Autonomic tone Correct Answers Dual innervation maintains
resting tone by releasing Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine at
the nodes and myocardium. Both autonomic divisions are active
simultaneously. For this reason, cutting the vagus nerves
increases heart rate and sympathetic blocking agents slow heart
rate. Fine adjustments in the parasympathetic division meets the
needs of other systems.
AV bundle, bundle branches, Perkinje fibers Correct Answers
All these are located in the ventricles.
Bainbridge reflex Correct Answers adjusts heart rate in
response to increase in venous return. Stretch receptors in right
atrium trigger increase
Physiology II UT Arlington Dr Frederick Questions With
Complete Solutions
Absolute refractory period Correct Answers membrane cannot
respond at all. Na+ channels already open, closed or inactivated.
Usually lasts between the duration of plateau and initial period
of rapid repolarization.
Afterload Correct Answers tension ventricle produces to open
semilunar valve and eject blood. Increased by any factor that
restricts
arterial blood flow. As afterload increases, stroke volume
decreases (indirect relationship)
Analyzing ECG Correct Answers Is done by measuring size of
voltage changes, determining
durations & temporal relationships of various components.
Amount of depolarization occurring during P wave & QRS
complex is important in diagnosing a disease. Size/shape of T
wave may show a condition that slows ventricular
repolarization. P-R interval over 200 msec indicate damage to
conducting pathway or AV node. Q-T interval lengthened may
indicate electrolyte imbalance, medication side effect.
Anterior & posterior interventricular sulcus Correct Answers
separate right and left ventricles, contain blood vessels
Anterior cardiac veins Correct Answers Empties into right
atrium.
,Arrhythmia Correct Answers irregularity in the normal rhythm
or force of the heartbeat.
Arteries Correct Answers Carry blood away from heart
Atrial diastole Correct Answers Begins at the same time as
ventricular systole. Atrial diastole continue till next cycle.
Ventricular contractions pushes AV valves closed but does not
create enough pressure to open semilunar valves.
Atrial systole Correct Answers lasts 100 msec. Over this period,
blood can't flow into the atria because atrial pressure exceeds
venous pressure. However, there is still a little backflow into the
veins because blood takes the path with least resistance.
Atrioventricular (AV) node Correct Answers Located at
junction between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) valves Correct Answers Located between
atria and ventricles. Blood pressure closes valve cusps during
ventricular contraction. Papillary muscles tense chordae
tendineae: prevent valves
from swinging into atria.
Atrioventricular valves (AV) Correct Answers Connect right
atrium to right ventricle and left atrium to
left ventricle. Permit bloodflow in one direction only, atria to
ventricle. Consist of fibrous flaps (cusps) that form bicuspid (2)
and tricuspid (3) valves.
, Auricle Correct Answers also called atrial appendage.
Expandable extension of the atrium.
Auscultation Correct Answers listening to heart, 4 heart sounds
(S1, S2, S3 and S4)
Automaticity Correct Answers Cardiac muscle contracts
automatically, even in the absence of neural or hormonal
stimulation.
Autonomic innervation Correct Answers Sympathetic &
parasympathetic division innervate heart
through cardiac plexus. (SA & AV nodes, atrial & ventricular
muscle cells) sympahtetic muscle cells outnumber
parasympatheric ones.
Autonomic tone Correct Answers Dual innervation maintains
resting tone by releasing Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine at
the nodes and myocardium. Both autonomic divisions are active
simultaneously. For this reason, cutting the vagus nerves
increases heart rate and sympathetic blocking agents slow heart
rate. Fine adjustments in the parasympathetic division meets the
needs of other systems.
AV bundle, bundle branches, Perkinje fibers Correct Answers
All these are located in the ventricles.
Bainbridge reflex Correct Answers adjusts heart rate in
response to increase in venous return. Stretch receptors in right
atrium trigger increase
