BIO 202 Exam 1 - Blood Vessels Questions With Complete
Solutions
Characterize capillaries and list areas where they are absent or
scarce Correct Answers - point of exchange between blood &
tissues, thin wall of endothelium
- scarce in tendons & ligaments, none in cartilage, cornea, &
lens
Characterize circulatory shock and the different forms of shock
Correct Answers - any state where cardiac output is insufficient
to meet metabolic needs
Characterize the causes and effects of hypertension Correct
Answers - chronic resting BP > 140/90
- caused by obesity (need more BV so heart workload is higher)
- caused by sedentary lifestyle
- caused by diet
- caused by nicotine, a stimulant
- caused by genetics
- caused by other diseases like kidney failure
- major cause of heart failure, stroke, & kidney failure
Characterize TIA's and CVA's Correct Answers - TIAs:
transient ischemic attacks, often early warning of an impending
stroke, characterized by dizziness, loss of vision, weakness,
paralysis, & headache, lasts a few moments to a few hours
- CVAs: cerebral vascular accident (stroke), brain infarction
caused by ischemia, effects range from unnoticeable to fatal
(blindness, paralysis, loss of sensation, loss of speech)
, Characterize veins and venules Correct Answers - veins have
lower blood pressure with little fluctuation, expanding easily
with thinner walls & valves to aid skeletal muscles in upward
flow
- venules are the smallest veins
Contrast blood flow during exercise and rest Correct Answers -
during exercise, there is increased perfusion to the lungs,
myocardium, & skeletal muscles, but decreased perfusion to
kidneys & digestive tract
Contrast the effects of changes in BP on circulation to the brain
verses other tissues Correct Answers - total perfusion to brain
kept constant
- as BP decreases, cerebral arteries dilate (other tissues do the
opposite)
- as BP increases, cerebral arteries cosntrict (other tissues do the
opposite)
Define hypercapnia and hypocapnia Correct Answers -
hypercapnia: increased CO2 in the brain & low pH, triggering
vasodilation
- hypocapnia: decreased CO2 & high pH, triggers
vasoconstriction
Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) Correct
Answers - systolic blood pressure (120): peak BP during
ventricular systole
- diastolic blood pressure (80): minimum BP between heartbeats
Solutions
Characterize capillaries and list areas where they are absent or
scarce Correct Answers - point of exchange between blood &
tissues, thin wall of endothelium
- scarce in tendons & ligaments, none in cartilage, cornea, &
lens
Characterize circulatory shock and the different forms of shock
Correct Answers - any state where cardiac output is insufficient
to meet metabolic needs
Characterize the causes and effects of hypertension Correct
Answers - chronic resting BP > 140/90
- caused by obesity (need more BV so heart workload is higher)
- caused by sedentary lifestyle
- caused by diet
- caused by nicotine, a stimulant
- caused by genetics
- caused by other diseases like kidney failure
- major cause of heart failure, stroke, & kidney failure
Characterize TIA's and CVA's Correct Answers - TIAs:
transient ischemic attacks, often early warning of an impending
stroke, characterized by dizziness, loss of vision, weakness,
paralysis, & headache, lasts a few moments to a few hours
- CVAs: cerebral vascular accident (stroke), brain infarction
caused by ischemia, effects range from unnoticeable to fatal
(blindness, paralysis, loss of sensation, loss of speech)
, Characterize veins and venules Correct Answers - veins have
lower blood pressure with little fluctuation, expanding easily
with thinner walls & valves to aid skeletal muscles in upward
flow
- venules are the smallest veins
Contrast blood flow during exercise and rest Correct Answers -
during exercise, there is increased perfusion to the lungs,
myocardium, & skeletal muscles, but decreased perfusion to
kidneys & digestive tract
Contrast the effects of changes in BP on circulation to the brain
verses other tissues Correct Answers - total perfusion to brain
kept constant
- as BP decreases, cerebral arteries dilate (other tissues do the
opposite)
- as BP increases, cerebral arteries cosntrict (other tissues do the
opposite)
Define hypercapnia and hypocapnia Correct Answers -
hypercapnia: increased CO2 in the brain & low pH, triggering
vasodilation
- hypocapnia: decreased CO2 & high pH, triggers
vasoconstriction
Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) Correct
Answers - systolic blood pressure (120): peak BP during
ventricular systole
- diastolic blood pressure (80): minimum BP between heartbeats
