WGU C458 HEALTH,
FITNESS AND WELLNESS
ACTUAL EXAM UPDATE 2026
QUESTIONBinge eating disorder (BED) - answer-episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling
hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
QUESTIONObesity - answer-15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals
of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types
of cancer.
QUESTIONMinerals - answer-inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and
electrolyte balance
QUESTIONMajor minerals - answer-needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Nutrition - answer-provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
QUESTIONUndernutrition - answer-implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
QUESTIONMalnutrition - answer-an imbalance of proper nutrients
QUESTIONAnorexia nervosa - answer-literally means loss of appetite, but this is a
misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational
fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive
exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
,Untreated, can be fatal.
QUESTIONBulimia - answer-characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging
(through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
QUESTIONTrace minerals - answer-required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc,
selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and
manganese
QUESTIONHDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - answer-protect the body
against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
QUESTIONLDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - answer-most cholesterol in the
blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood
increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the
risk of a heart attack
QUESTIONTriglycerides (Fats) - answer-Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical
compounds that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated
source of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate
body organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and
underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
QUESTIONWater - answer-essential component of body structure. Second only to
oxygen in importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other
physiologically important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste
products from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and
solids in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues
QUESTIONOils - answer-liquid at room temperature.
QUESTIONVitamins - answer-organic compounds required by every part of the body to
maintain health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble.
Do not become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided
by the diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for
proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and
appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
QUESTIONFat-soluble vitamins - answer-found in the fatty parts of food and body
tissues. Stored in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every
day. Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
, QUESTIONVitamin A - answer-important in promoting growth and health of body
tissues as well as enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by
helping the retina function properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade
and to see various colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat
acne and other skin disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish, dry, scaly skin and
dry, irritated eyes
QUESTIONVitamin D - answer-essential for calcium absorption and thus is needed to
prevent and cure rickets(deficiency disease in which bones fail to harden)
QUESTIONVitamin E - answer-an activator in certain enzyme reactions, and it protects
vitamins A and C from being used up too quickly
QUESTIONVitamin K - answer-essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a substance
needed for normal blood coagulation.
QUESTIONWater-soluble vitamins - answer-associated with the watery parts of food
and body tissues. Not stored by the body. Excess amounts are usually excreted in the
urine and, therefore, should be provided in the diet on a regular basis. Includes the B
vitamins and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
QUESTIONB vitamins - answer-essential to daily human nutrition. Known as the B-
complex group, they help body systems combat stress and maintain energy reserves.
The B-complex group consists of vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin
B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folic acid, and biotin.
QUESTIONVitamin B1 (thiamin) - answer-necessary for carbohydrate metabolism. Aids
in the release of energy from food
QUESTIONVitamin B2 (riboflavin) - answer-helps body cells use oxygen, promotes
tissue repair, and helps the nervous system function properly
QUESTIONVitamin B3 (niacin) - answer-essential to growth; without it, thiamin and
riboflavin could not function properly in the body
QUESTIONVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - answer-necessary for healthy teeth and gums and
helps maintain normal body cholesterol. Further, it aids in the production of antibodies
QUESTIONVitamin B12 (cobalamin) - answer-works in conjunction with folic acid and
iron to build normal blood cells and prevent pernicious anemia
QUESTIONFolic acid - answer-aids in the proper growth and reproduction of blood cells
and contributes to healthy skin. Also helps prevent neural tube defects in the fetus
during pregnancy
FITNESS AND WELLNESS
ACTUAL EXAM UPDATE 2026
QUESTIONBinge eating disorder (BED) - answer-episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling
hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
QUESTIONObesity - answer-15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals
of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types
of cancer.
QUESTIONMinerals - answer-inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and
electrolyte balance
QUESTIONMajor minerals - answer-needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Nutrition - answer-provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
QUESTIONUndernutrition - answer-implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
QUESTIONMalnutrition - answer-an imbalance of proper nutrients
QUESTIONAnorexia nervosa - answer-literally means loss of appetite, but this is a
misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational
fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive
exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
,Untreated, can be fatal.
QUESTIONBulimia - answer-characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging
(through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
QUESTIONTrace minerals - answer-required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc,
selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and
manganese
QUESTIONHDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - answer-protect the body
against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
QUESTIONLDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - answer-most cholesterol in the
blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood
increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the
risk of a heart attack
QUESTIONTriglycerides (Fats) - answer-Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical
compounds that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated
source of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate
body organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and
underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
QUESTIONWater - answer-essential component of body structure. Second only to
oxygen in importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other
physiologically important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste
products from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and
solids in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues
QUESTIONOils - answer-liquid at room temperature.
QUESTIONVitamins - answer-organic compounds required by every part of the body to
maintain health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble.
Do not become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided
by the diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for
proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and
appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
QUESTIONFat-soluble vitamins - answer-found in the fatty parts of food and body
tissues. Stored in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every
day. Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
, QUESTIONVitamin A - answer-important in promoting growth and health of body
tissues as well as enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by
helping the retina function properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade
and to see various colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat
acne and other skin disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish, dry, scaly skin and
dry, irritated eyes
QUESTIONVitamin D - answer-essential for calcium absorption and thus is needed to
prevent and cure rickets(deficiency disease in which bones fail to harden)
QUESTIONVitamin E - answer-an activator in certain enzyme reactions, and it protects
vitamins A and C from being used up too quickly
QUESTIONVitamin K - answer-essential for the synthesis of prothrombin, a substance
needed for normal blood coagulation.
QUESTIONWater-soluble vitamins - answer-associated with the watery parts of food
and body tissues. Not stored by the body. Excess amounts are usually excreted in the
urine and, therefore, should be provided in the diet on a regular basis. Includes the B
vitamins and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
QUESTIONB vitamins - answer-essential to daily human nutrition. Known as the B-
complex group, they help body systems combat stress and maintain energy reserves.
The B-complex group consists of vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin
B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folic acid, and biotin.
QUESTIONVitamin B1 (thiamin) - answer-necessary for carbohydrate metabolism. Aids
in the release of energy from food
QUESTIONVitamin B2 (riboflavin) - answer-helps body cells use oxygen, promotes
tissue repair, and helps the nervous system function properly
QUESTIONVitamin B3 (niacin) - answer-essential to growth; without it, thiamin and
riboflavin could not function properly in the body
QUESTIONVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - answer-necessary for healthy teeth and gums and
helps maintain normal body cholesterol. Further, it aids in the production of antibodies
QUESTIONVitamin B12 (cobalamin) - answer-works in conjunction with folic acid and
iron to build normal blood cells and prevent pernicious anemia
QUESTIONFolic acid - answer-aids in the proper growth and reproduction of blood cells
and contributes to healthy skin. Also helps prevent neural tube defects in the fetus
during pregnancy
