D370 - IT Leadership Foundations Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Behavior approach - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on what leaders do (their actions
and behaviors) rather than traits.
Contingency theory - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership effectiveness depends on the
fit between leader behavior and situational factors.
Criteria of leadership effectiveness - CORRECT ANSWER Standards used to judge
leadership success (e.g., performance, follower satisfaction).
Descriptive theory - CORRECT ANSWER Explains how leadership works without
prescribing what leaders should do.
Dyadic processes - CORRECT ANSWER Interactions between a leader and individual
followers.
Follower-centered theory - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes followers' needs, values,
and influence in leadership.
Leader-centered theory - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on the leader's traits, skills,
and actions as primary drivers.
Level of conceptualization - CORRECT ANSWER The scope of leadership theory
(individual, group, organizational, or multi-level).
Mediating variable - CORRECT ANSWER A factor that explains how or why leader
behavior affects outcomes.
Power-influence approach - CORRECT ANSWER Examines how leaders use power
and influence tactics to affect followers.
Prescriptive theory - CORRECT ANSWER Offers guidelines or recommendations for
effective leadership.
Situational approach - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership effectiveness depends on
adapting to the specific situation.
, Trait approach - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes stable personal characteristics
(e.g., personality, motives) of leaders.
Universal theory - CORRECT ANSWER Suggests certain leader behaviors or traits are
effective in all situations.
Values-based approach - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on leaders' values, ethics, and
moral influence.
Clarifying - CORRECT ANSWER Defining roles, expectations, and objectives for
followers.
Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Tracking performance and progress toward goals.
Planning - CORRECT ANSWER Designing strategies, schedules, and resource
allocation.
Problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER Identifying and resolving obstacles to
performance.
Recognizing - CORRECT ANSWER Providing praise and acknowledgment for
achievements.
Supporting - CORRECT ANSWER Offering help, empathy, and encouragement.
Developing - CORRECT ANSWER Coaching and training followers to build skills.
Relations-oriented behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Actions that build trust,
cooperation, and morale.
Task-oriented behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Actions that focus on efficiency,
productivity, and goal achievement.
Demands, constraints, and choices - CORRECT ANSWER Factors shaping leader
discretion (requirements, limits, available options).
Extreme contexts - CORRECT ANSWER High-risk, uncertain, or crisis environments.
Extreme events - CORRECT ANSWER Sudden, disruptive incidents requiring
adaptive leadership.
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Behavior approach - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on what leaders do (their actions
and behaviors) rather than traits.
Contingency theory - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership effectiveness depends on the
fit between leader behavior and situational factors.
Criteria of leadership effectiveness - CORRECT ANSWER Standards used to judge
leadership success (e.g., performance, follower satisfaction).
Descriptive theory - CORRECT ANSWER Explains how leadership works without
prescribing what leaders should do.
Dyadic processes - CORRECT ANSWER Interactions between a leader and individual
followers.
Follower-centered theory - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes followers' needs, values,
and influence in leadership.
Leader-centered theory - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on the leader's traits, skills,
and actions as primary drivers.
Level of conceptualization - CORRECT ANSWER The scope of leadership theory
(individual, group, organizational, or multi-level).
Mediating variable - CORRECT ANSWER A factor that explains how or why leader
behavior affects outcomes.
Power-influence approach - CORRECT ANSWER Examines how leaders use power
and influence tactics to affect followers.
Prescriptive theory - CORRECT ANSWER Offers guidelines or recommendations for
effective leadership.
Situational approach - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership effectiveness depends on
adapting to the specific situation.
, Trait approach - CORRECT ANSWER Emphasizes stable personal characteristics
(e.g., personality, motives) of leaders.
Universal theory - CORRECT ANSWER Suggests certain leader behaviors or traits are
effective in all situations.
Values-based approach - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on leaders' values, ethics, and
moral influence.
Clarifying - CORRECT ANSWER Defining roles, expectations, and objectives for
followers.
Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Tracking performance and progress toward goals.
Planning - CORRECT ANSWER Designing strategies, schedules, and resource
allocation.
Problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER Identifying and resolving obstacles to
performance.
Recognizing - CORRECT ANSWER Providing praise and acknowledgment for
achievements.
Supporting - CORRECT ANSWER Offering help, empathy, and encouragement.
Developing - CORRECT ANSWER Coaching and training followers to build skills.
Relations-oriented behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Actions that build trust,
cooperation, and morale.
Task-oriented behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Actions that focus on efficiency,
productivity, and goal achievement.
Demands, constraints, and choices - CORRECT ANSWER Factors shaping leader
discretion (requirements, limits, available options).
Extreme contexts - CORRECT ANSWER High-risk, uncertain, or crisis environments.
Extreme events - CORRECT ANSWER Sudden, disruptive incidents requiring
adaptive leadership.
