Microbiology Portage Learning
BIOL 271 (Chapter 1) Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
PASS
Carbohydrates function—ANSWER-allow for storage, energy, and structure
Types of Polysaccharides—ANSWER-(storage) starch, glycogen (structure) cellulose, chitin
Protein function—ANSWER-allows for movement in and out of the cell, catalysts, enzymes,
structure, storage, and transport
R group—ANSWER-guides structure, function, and location of a protein. it gives the amino
acid its characteristics
Essential Amino Acids—ANSWER-9 AA that have to be ingested bc the body cannot create
them
Lipids function—ANSWER-hydrophobic because it is made of non polar hydrocarbon
molecules. does not form polymers
steroids—ANSWER-hormone, located in the cell membrane, acts as a structural component
triglycerides—ANSWER-energy storage
phospholipids—ANSWER-build plasma and cellular membrane
, saturated fatty acid—ANSWER-Max amount of hydrogen
Unsaturated fatty acid—ANSWER-less hydrogens, more double bonds, and bent structure.
Different structure means different functions
Nucleic acids—ANSWER-DNA and RNA
DNA—ANSWER-storage and transmission of genetic info to RNA. AGTC, double strand with
base pairing, helix, self replicating, located in nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
RNA—ANSWER-translate genetic code to a protein. AGCU, single strand with base paring,
not a helix, not self replication, located in nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes.
nucleotide—ANSWER-sugar and phosphate make up DNA, attached to nitrogenous base
(nucleoside)
polymer—ANSWER-large molecule made by covalently linking monomers
monomer—ANSWER-small subunit that can be linked to similar subunits to build larger
molecules
purine—ANSWER-A, G
Pyrimidines—ANSWER-C, T (DNA), U (RNA)
gene—ANSWER-unit of DNA that encodes for a protein
prokaryotic cells traits—ANSWER-small and simple, more abundant, bacteria and arches, no
nucleus, DNA in circular plasmids, no membrane bound organelles
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic traits—ANSWER-macromolecules, plasma membrane,
cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, unicellular
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
BIOL 271 (Chapter 1) Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
PASS
Carbohydrates function—ANSWER-allow for storage, energy, and structure
Types of Polysaccharides—ANSWER-(storage) starch, glycogen (structure) cellulose, chitin
Protein function—ANSWER-allows for movement in and out of the cell, catalysts, enzymes,
structure, storage, and transport
R group—ANSWER-guides structure, function, and location of a protein. it gives the amino
acid its characteristics
Essential Amino Acids—ANSWER-9 AA that have to be ingested bc the body cannot create
them
Lipids function—ANSWER-hydrophobic because it is made of non polar hydrocarbon
molecules. does not form polymers
steroids—ANSWER-hormone, located in the cell membrane, acts as a structural component
triglycerides—ANSWER-energy storage
phospholipids—ANSWER-build plasma and cellular membrane
, saturated fatty acid—ANSWER-Max amount of hydrogen
Unsaturated fatty acid—ANSWER-less hydrogens, more double bonds, and bent structure.
Different structure means different functions
Nucleic acids—ANSWER-DNA and RNA
DNA—ANSWER-storage and transmission of genetic info to RNA. AGTC, double strand with
base pairing, helix, self replicating, located in nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
RNA—ANSWER-translate genetic code to a protein. AGCU, single strand with base paring,
not a helix, not self replication, located in nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes.
nucleotide—ANSWER-sugar and phosphate make up DNA, attached to nitrogenous base
(nucleoside)
polymer—ANSWER-large molecule made by covalently linking monomers
monomer—ANSWER-small subunit that can be linked to similar subunits to build larger
molecules
purine—ANSWER-A, G
Pyrimidines—ANSWER-C, T (DNA), U (RNA)
gene—ANSWER-unit of DNA that encodes for a protein
prokaryotic cells traits—ANSWER-small and simple, more abundant, bacteria and arches, no
nucleus, DNA in circular plasmids, no membrane bound organelles
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic traits—ANSWER-macromolecules, plasma membrane,
cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, unicellular
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
