ARDMS Breast Registry Review questions with accurate || || || || || || ||
detailed solutions ||
Artifact - correct answer✔✔An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
shadowing.
Attenuation - correct answer✔✔The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection, and scattering.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Complex - correct answer✔✔A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
components.
Echogenic - correct answer✔✔A structure or medium that produces echoes.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Edge Shadowing - correct answer✔✔Decreased echo amplitude distal to the edge of a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Enhancement - correct answer✔✔Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying
|| || || || || || || || || ||
beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound beam (typically a cystic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
structure). This artifact results in a brighter than normal appearance.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Heterogeneous - correct answer✔✔A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform. || || || || ||
Homogeneous - correct answer✔✔Smooth uniform texture || || || || ||
,Ipsilateral - correct answer✔✔On the same side.
|| || || || || ||
Contrlateral - correct answer✔✔On the opposite side. || || || || || ||
Isoechoic - correct answer✔✔Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
tissue.
Noise - correct answer✔✔Spurious echoes throughout the image.
|| || || || || || ||
Real-time - correct answer✔✔The scanning and display of sonographic images at a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their natural rate.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are considered real time***
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Reverberation - correct answer✔✔Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a strong
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
interface. Sound "bounces" || ||
Ring Down - correct answer✔✔Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle. || || || || ||
Sensitivity - correct answer✔✔The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when disease is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
present.
Texture - correct answer✔✔The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
body.
||
Refractive Edge Shadowing - correct answer✔✔Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
energy causing a shadow.
|| || ||
,Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast. - correct answer✔✔Fat
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast sonography. - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin || || || ||
What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔7.0-15.0 MHz
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining penetration to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND.
|| || || || || ||
Fixed elevation focusing represents.... - correct answer✔✔Focusing along the short axis of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the transducer.
||
What design of transducer is used in breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔Linear array is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
optimal
The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance of what artifact? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Beam divergence
|| || ||
Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______ __________ probe. - || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Linear array || ||
When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔Pathology
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
too large to fit on linear image
|| || || || || ||
Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. - correct answer✔✔1-D
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Elevation
, 1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis of the probe. -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Short ||
1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Elevation
2-D array transducers are not currently _________. - correct answer✔✔available
|| || || || || || || || ||
Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be adequate - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔3, 6 ||
An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ - correct answer✔✔gain
|| || || || || || || || ||
Know overall gain, TGC, and output power - correct answer✔✔This is ultrasound
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
elementary.
If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. - correct answer✔✔Output power
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
If your image is too dark increase the ____________. - correct answer✔✔Receiver gain
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. - correct answer✔✔Multiple
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Multiple focal zones will decrease what? - correct answer✔✔Frame rate
|| || || || || || || || ||
a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____ to _____ cm. -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔1,2 ||
detailed solutions ||
Artifact - correct answer✔✔An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
shadowing.
Attenuation - correct answer✔✔The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection, and scattering.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Complex - correct answer✔✔A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
components.
Echogenic - correct answer✔✔A structure or medium that produces echoes.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Edge Shadowing - correct answer✔✔Decreased echo amplitude distal to the edge of a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Enhancement - correct answer✔✔Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying
|| || || || || || || || || ||
beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound beam (typically a cystic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
structure). This artifact results in a brighter than normal appearance.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Heterogeneous - correct answer✔✔A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform. || || || || ||
Homogeneous - correct answer✔✔Smooth uniform texture || || || || ||
,Ipsilateral - correct answer✔✔On the same side.
|| || || || || ||
Contrlateral - correct answer✔✔On the opposite side. || || || || || ||
Isoechoic - correct answer✔✔Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
tissue.
Noise - correct answer✔✔Spurious echoes throughout the image.
|| || || || || || ||
Real-time - correct answer✔✔The scanning and display of sonographic images at a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their natural rate.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are considered real time***
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Reverberation - correct answer✔✔Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a strong
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
interface. Sound "bounces" || ||
Ring Down - correct answer✔✔Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle. || || || || ||
Sensitivity - correct answer✔✔The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when disease is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
present.
Texture - correct answer✔✔The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
body.
||
Refractive Edge Shadowing - correct answer✔✔Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
energy causing a shadow.
|| || ||
,Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast. - correct answer✔✔Fat
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast sonography. - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin || || || ||
What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔7.0-15.0 MHz
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining penetration to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND.
|| || || || || ||
Fixed elevation focusing represents.... - correct answer✔✔Focusing along the short axis of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the transducer.
||
What design of transducer is used in breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔Linear array is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
optimal
The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance of what artifact? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Beam divergence
|| || ||
Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______ __________ probe. - || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Linear array || ||
When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? - correct answer✔✔Pathology
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
too large to fit on linear image
|| || || || || ||
Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. - correct answer✔✔1-D
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Elevation
, 1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis of the probe. -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔Short ||
1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔Elevation
2-D array transducers are not currently _________. - correct answer✔✔available
|| || || || || || || || ||
Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be adequate - correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
answer✔✔3, 6 ||
An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ - correct answer✔✔gain
|| || || || || || || || ||
Know overall gain, TGC, and output power - correct answer✔✔This is ultrasound
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
elementary.
If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. - correct answer✔✔Output power
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
If your image is too dark increase the ____________. - correct answer✔✔Receiver gain
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. - correct answer✔✔Multiple
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Multiple focal zones will decrease what? - correct answer✔✔Frame rate
|| || || || || || || || ||
a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____ to _____ cm. -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
correct answer✔✔1,2 ||
