1 UCSB EEMB 2 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Evolution
Answer: the process by which different kinds of living organisms are
thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the
history of the earth
>> Lamarck
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes)
-inheritance of acquired characteristics
-importance of environments
Answer: -invertebrate zoology
>> Lyell
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to
known natural laws
-earth is ancient and develops slowly
Answer: Principles of Geology"
>> Malthus
Answer: -pop growth will always overtake the food supply
>> Cuvier
Answer: comparative anatomy and extinction
>> Hardy-Weinberg principle
Answer: -Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain
constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
, >> To remain at H-W equilibrium
2. random mating
3. no change in allele freq due to mutation
4. no immigration or emigration
5. no natural selection
Answer: 1. large breeding pop
>> general equation to calculate individual allele frequencies in a two-allele
system (H-W)
*Bb will never be greater than 50%
Answer: freqB = p = (2N[BB] + N[Bb])/2N
>> Effective population size
Answer: size of population that can mate
>> Extinction vortex
Answer: mutual reinforcement occurs among biotic + abiotic processes that
drives a population to extinction
>> Gene flow
Answer: transfer of genetic variation from one pop to another
>> mutational metdown
-caused by genetic drift
Answer: accumulation of harmful mutations in a small pop --> loss of fitness
+ decline in pop size
>> negative/positive assortative mating
pos: opposite ^
Answer: neg: avoid mating with similar individuals
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Evolution
Answer: the process by which different kinds of living organisms are
thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the
history of the earth
>> Lamarck
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes)
-inheritance of acquired characteristics
-importance of environments
Answer: -invertebrate zoology
>> Lyell
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to
known natural laws
-earth is ancient and develops slowly
Answer: Principles of Geology"
>> Malthus
Answer: -pop growth will always overtake the food supply
>> Cuvier
Answer: comparative anatomy and extinction
>> Hardy-Weinberg principle
Answer: -Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain
constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
, >> To remain at H-W equilibrium
2. random mating
3. no change in allele freq due to mutation
4. no immigration or emigration
5. no natural selection
Answer: 1. large breeding pop
>> general equation to calculate individual allele frequencies in a two-allele
system (H-W)
*Bb will never be greater than 50%
Answer: freqB = p = (2N[BB] + N[Bb])/2N
>> Effective population size
Answer: size of population that can mate
>> Extinction vortex
Answer: mutual reinforcement occurs among biotic + abiotic processes that
drives a population to extinction
>> Gene flow
Answer: transfer of genetic variation from one pop to another
>> mutational metdown
-caused by genetic drift
Answer: accumulation of harmful mutations in a small pop --> loss of fitness
+ decline in pop size
>> negative/positive assortative mating
pos: opposite ^
Answer: neg: avoid mating with similar individuals
