Pharmacology and Drug Therapies (5-ASA, 5-FU, 6-MP, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Chemotherapy Agents, Antivirals, SSRIs), Cardiovascular and Hematologic Abbreviations and Labs (CHF, CML, ALL, BNP, BUN, PT, PTT, CBC, WBC, HDL, LDL, VLDL), Endocrine and Ho

Pharmacology and Drug Therapies (5-ASA, 5-FU, 6-MP, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Chemotherapy Agents, Antivirals, SSRIs), Cardiovascular and Hematologic Abbreviations and Labs (CHF, CML, ALL, BNP, BUN, PT, PTT, CBC, WBC, HDL, LDL, VLDL), Endocrine and Hormonal Regulators (ADH, FSH, LH, TSH, GLP-1, GnRH, PPAR), Neurologic and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms (ACh, NE, GABA, NMDA), Renal and Fluid Balance Markers (Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3−, SIADH, DI), Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Parameters (GERD, GI function, LFTs, PGE2, PGI2), Infectious Disease Indicators and Treatments (MRSA, VRE, CMV, EBV, PCP, TMP-SMX, PPD, VZV), Molecular Biology and Genetic Components (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, HGPRT, Thio-IMP), Cardiopulmonary Diagnostics and Procedures (ECG, PFT, ACLS, PSVT, SVT, WPW), Hemostasis and Coagulation Factors (TXA2, fibrin, plasminogen, platelet count, HIT), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Concepts (t1/2, Vd, drug metabolism, receptor activity), and Patient-Centered Clinical Application of Laboratory, Medication, and Therapeutic Knowledge Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 5-ASA 5-Aminosalicylic acid 5-FU 5-fluorouracil (chemotherapy drug) 6-MP 6-Mercaptopurine AC adenylyl cyclase ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors treat hypertension) ACh Acetylcholine (first neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS) ACLS advanced cardiac life support ADH anti-diuretic hormone (helps control the water balance of the body and affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney) ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia AML acute myelogenous leukemia AP action potential ARB angiotensin receptor blockers AV atrioventricular BAL British Antilewisite(dimercaprol) BNP B-type natriuretic peptide (used to diagnose CHF, secreted by ventricles of heart due to excessive stretching) BUN blood urea nitrogen Ca2+ Calcium Ion (Cation) cAMP Cyclic AMP (a second messenger that is activated by adenylyl cyclase) CHF Congestive Heart Failure (failure of the heart to pump blood away from the heart causing accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs) Cl− chloride ion CML chronic myelogenous leukemia CMV cytomegalovirus (causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection) CNS central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) CO cardiac output COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (lung disease commonly seen in smokers) COX cyclooxygenase (a family of enzymes that produce prostaglandins) CSF Cerebrospinal fluid CV car