1 | Pa ge
NURS 231 BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM
PORTAGE LEARNING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
& MODULE 1-10 EXAMS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. -Verified--Solution----a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
,2 | Pa ge
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy
for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired
effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% -Verified-Solution---
-c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline -Verified--Solution----d) 0.9% saline
A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in
the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a
,3 | Pa ge
diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select
all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia -Verified--Solution----a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the
kidney, so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal
saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an
indicator that the therapeutic goal has been met?
, 4 | Pa ge
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
d) Patient's heart rate is 101 -Verified--Solution----a) 250 mL of urine in
the past 6 hours
*Fluid resuscitation goals in sepsis are: MAP > 65, UO . 0.5 mL/kg/hr,
and/or CVP 8-12 mm Hg.
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
NURS 231 BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM
PORTAGE LEARNING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
& MODULE 1-10 EXAMS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client
receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. -Verified--Solution----a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
,2 | Pa ge
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy
for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired
effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% -Verified-Solution---
-c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to administer to a
patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline -Verified--Solution----d) 0.9% saline
A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous infusion in
the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving a
,3 | Pa ge
diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select
all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia -Verified--Solution----a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the
kidney, so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous normal
saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an
indicator that the therapeutic goal has been met?
, 4 | Pa ge
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
d) Patient's heart rate is 101 -Verified--Solution----a) 250 mL of urine in
the past 6 hours
*Fluid resuscitation goals in sepsis are: MAP > 65, UO . 0.5 mL/kg/hr,
and/or CVP 8-12 mm Hg.
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
