P1a1g1e111|126411
SUMMARY LPC NOTES ADVANCED COMME 1 1 1 1
RCIAL LITIGATION REVISION NOTES (DIST
1 1 1 1
INCTION) 2026/2027 1 1
1
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)120611
Contents11
Logic1..............................................................................................................................1811Ex
press1Terms1–1Identification1(1)1............................................................................1811
By1Signature1.................................................................................................................1811
I –1THE1EFFECT1OF1SIGNATURE1....................................................................1811
L‟Estrange1v1F1Graucob1Ltd1[1934]121KB13941....................................................1811
II –1EXCEPTIONS1TO1THE1SIGNATURE1RULE1..........................................1911
Curtis1v1Chemical1Cleaning1&1Dyeing1[1951]111KB18051..............................11011
Toll1(FGCT)1v1Alphapharm1(2004)12191CLR11651..............................................1111
III –1CRITICISM1OF1THE1RULE1...................................................................11311
By1Notice1.................................................................................................................11311
I1–1TIMING....................................................................................................................11411
Oceanic1Sun1Line1Special1Shipping1Company1v1Fay1(1988)11651CLR1197.11411II1–
KNOWLEDGE/NOTICE1..................................................................................1611
1
Thornton1v1Shoe1Lane1Parking1[1971]121QB11631.............................................1711
III1–1UNUSUAL1TERMS1....................................................................................11911
,Baltic1Shipping1Co1v1Dillon1(“The1Mikhail1Lermontov”)1(1991)1221NSWLR1111.....
.....................................................................................................................12011
By1Course1of1Dealing1...........................................................................................12111
Rinaldi1&1Patroni1v1Precision1Mouldings1(1986)1WAR11311............................2211
Balmain1New1Ferry1v1Robertson1(1906)141CLR13791........................................2311
Express1Terms1–1Identification1(2)1...........................................................................2411
Parol1Evidence1Rule1.............................................................................................12411I1
–1DETERMINING1WHETHER1A1CONTRACT1IS1WHOLLY1WRITTEN.12411
State1Rail1Authority1of1NSW1v1Heath1Outdoor1(1986)171NSWLR11701.........2511
II –1EXCEPTIONS1TO1THE1PAROL1EVIDENCE1RULE1..............................12711
Hoyt‟s1v1Spencer1(1919)1271CLR11331.............................................................12811
Saleh1v1Romanous1[2010]1NSWCA12741...............................................................12911
III –1PRE-CONTRACTUAL1STATEMENTS1....................................................13111
Equuscorp1v1Glengallan1Investments1(2004)12181CLR12711...........................3311
JJ1Savage1&1Sons1v1Blakney1(1970)11191CLR14351............................................3411
Oscar1Chess1v1Williams1[1957]111WLR13701.......................................................3511P1
a1g1e121|126411
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Dick1Bentley1Productions1v1Harold1Smith1(Motors)1[1965]121All1ER1651......3611P1a
g1e131|126411
1
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Express1Terms1–1Construction1...................................................................................3711
,Principles1of1Construction1.................................................................................13711
Parol1Evidence1Rule1.............................................................................................13811
I –1SURROUNDING1CIRCUMSTANCES1.......................................................13811
Western1Export1Services1v1Jireh1International1[2011]1HCA1451.....................3911
Electricity1Generation1Corporation1v1Woodside1Energy1Ltd1(2014)125111
CLR16401..................................................................................................................4111
Mount1Bruce1Mining1Pty1Ltd1v1Wright1Prospecting1Pty1Ltd1[2015]1HCA13711.................................
................................................................................................................14111
II –1APPLICATION1OF1PRINCIPLES1.............................................................14411
Royal1Botanic1Gardens1and1Domain1Trust1v1South1Sydney1City1Council11
(2002)12401CLR145................................................................................................4411Pacific1
Carriers1v1BNP1Paribas1(2004)12181CLR14511......................................4611
Exemption1Clauses1.....................................................................................................4811
III –1CONTRA1PREFERENTUM1......................................................................14811
Darlington1Futures1v1Delco1Aust1(1986)11611CLR15001...................................4811
IV –1NEGLIGENCE1.................................................................................................5011
Davis1v1Pearce1Parking1Station1(1954)1911CLR16421........................................5011
V –1FOUR1CORNERS1.........................................................................................15211
Thomas1National1Transport1(Melbourne)1Pty1Ltd1v1May1&1Baker11(Australia)1Pty1
Ltd1(1966)11151CLR13531............................................................5211
Implied1Terms1................................................................................................................5311I
mplied1In1Fact1......................................................................................................15411
Byrne1v1Australian1Airlines;1Frew1v1Australian1Airlines1(1995)11851CLR11
4101...........................................................................................................................5611
Codelfa1Construction1v1State1Rail1Authority1of1NSW1(1982)11491CLR133715911
Implied1In1Law1......................................................................................................16111Univer
sity1of1Western1Australia1v1Gray1(2009)11791FCR13461........................6111
Implied1From1Custom1..........................................................................................16311
, Con-
Stan1Industries1of1Aust1v1Norwich1Winterthur1Ins1(Aust)1(1986)116011CLR12261.........
.........................................................................................................6311
Australian1Consumer1Law1(ACL)..........................................................................16411
Overview1of1ACL1Provisions1....................................................................................6411
INTRODUCTION1TO1ACL1.................................................................................16411
CHAPTER121–1GENERAL1PROTECTIONS1.....................................................16511
Part121–11:1Misleading1or1Deceptive1Conduct1(ss118-19)1.......................6511
P1a1g1e141|126411
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Part121–12:1Unconscionable1Conduct1(ss120-22)1.....................................16511
Part121–13:1Unfair1contract1terms1(ss123-28)1..........................................16611
CHAPTER131–1SPECIFIC1PROTECTIONS1......................................................16911
Part131–11:1Unfair1practices1(ss129-38).........................................................6911
Part131–12:1Consumer1Transactions1(ss151-68)1.......................................16911
CHAPTER151–1ENFORCEMENT1AND1REMEDIES1(ss1218-287)1..............17111
Standard1Form1Contracting1...............................................................................17311
I –1INTRODUCTION1..................................................................................................17311
II –1COSTS1AND1BENEFITS1OF1STANDARD1FORM1CONTRACTS1........17311
III –1THE1ROLE1OF1COMPETITION1..............................................................17411
IV –1MARKET1FAILURE1AND1SOCIAL1FORCES1........................................17511
Frustration1.......................................................................................................................7611
Introduction1to1Frustration1...............................................................................17611
SUMMARY LPC NOTES ADVANCED COMME 1 1 1 1
RCIAL LITIGATION REVISION NOTES (DIST
1 1 1 1
INCTION) 2026/2027 1 1
1
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)120611
Contents11
Logic1..............................................................................................................................1811Ex
press1Terms1–1Identification1(1)1............................................................................1811
By1Signature1.................................................................................................................1811
I –1THE1EFFECT1OF1SIGNATURE1....................................................................1811
L‟Estrange1v1F1Graucob1Ltd1[1934]121KB13941....................................................1811
II –1EXCEPTIONS1TO1THE1SIGNATURE1RULE1..........................................1911
Curtis1v1Chemical1Cleaning1&1Dyeing1[1951]111KB18051..............................11011
Toll1(FGCT)1v1Alphapharm1(2004)12191CLR11651..............................................1111
III –1CRITICISM1OF1THE1RULE1...................................................................11311
By1Notice1.................................................................................................................11311
I1–1TIMING....................................................................................................................11411
Oceanic1Sun1Line1Special1Shipping1Company1v1Fay1(1988)11651CLR1197.11411II1–
KNOWLEDGE/NOTICE1..................................................................................1611
1
Thornton1v1Shoe1Lane1Parking1[1971]121QB11631.............................................1711
III1–1UNUSUAL1TERMS1....................................................................................11911
,Baltic1Shipping1Co1v1Dillon1(“The1Mikhail1Lermontov”)1(1991)1221NSWLR1111.....
.....................................................................................................................12011
By1Course1of1Dealing1...........................................................................................12111
Rinaldi1&1Patroni1v1Precision1Mouldings1(1986)1WAR11311............................2211
Balmain1New1Ferry1v1Robertson1(1906)141CLR13791........................................2311
Express1Terms1–1Identification1(2)1...........................................................................2411
Parol1Evidence1Rule1.............................................................................................12411I1
–1DETERMINING1WHETHER1A1CONTRACT1IS1WHOLLY1WRITTEN.12411
State1Rail1Authority1of1NSW1v1Heath1Outdoor1(1986)171NSWLR11701.........2511
II –1EXCEPTIONS1TO1THE1PAROL1EVIDENCE1RULE1..............................12711
Hoyt‟s1v1Spencer1(1919)1271CLR11331.............................................................12811
Saleh1v1Romanous1[2010]1NSWCA12741...............................................................12911
III –1PRE-CONTRACTUAL1STATEMENTS1....................................................13111
Equuscorp1v1Glengallan1Investments1(2004)12181CLR12711...........................3311
JJ1Savage1&1Sons1v1Blakney1(1970)11191CLR14351............................................3411
Oscar1Chess1v1Williams1[1957]111WLR13701.......................................................3511P1
a1g1e121|126411
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Dick1Bentley1Productions1v1Harold1Smith1(Motors)1[1965]121All1ER1651......3611P1a
g1e131|126411
1
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Express1Terms1–1Construction1...................................................................................3711
,Principles1of1Construction1.................................................................................13711
Parol1Evidence1Rule1.............................................................................................13811
I –1SURROUNDING1CIRCUMSTANCES1.......................................................13811
Western1Export1Services1v1Jireh1International1[2011]1HCA1451.....................3911
Electricity1Generation1Corporation1v1Woodside1Energy1Ltd1(2014)125111
CLR16401..................................................................................................................4111
Mount1Bruce1Mining1Pty1Ltd1v1Wright1Prospecting1Pty1Ltd1[2015]1HCA13711.................................
................................................................................................................14111
II –1APPLICATION1OF1PRINCIPLES1.............................................................14411
Royal1Botanic1Gardens1and1Domain1Trust1v1South1Sydney1City1Council11
(2002)12401CLR145................................................................................................4411Pacific1
Carriers1v1BNP1Paribas1(2004)12181CLR14511......................................4611
Exemption1Clauses1.....................................................................................................4811
III –1CONTRA1PREFERENTUM1......................................................................14811
Darlington1Futures1v1Delco1Aust1(1986)11611CLR15001...................................4811
IV –1NEGLIGENCE1.................................................................................................5011
Davis1v1Pearce1Parking1Station1(1954)1911CLR16421........................................5011
V –1FOUR1CORNERS1.........................................................................................15211
Thomas1National1Transport1(Melbourne)1Pty1Ltd1v1May1&1Baker11(Australia)1Pty1
Ltd1(1966)11151CLR13531............................................................5211
Implied1Terms1................................................................................................................5311I
mplied1In1Fact1......................................................................................................15411
Byrne1v1Australian1Airlines;1Frew1v1Australian1Airlines1(1995)11851CLR11
4101...........................................................................................................................5611
Codelfa1Construction1v1State1Rail1Authority1of1NSW1(1982)11491CLR133715911
Implied1In1Law1......................................................................................................16111Univer
sity1of1Western1Australia1v1Gray1(2009)11791FCR13461........................6111
Implied1From1Custom1..........................................................................................16311
, Con-
Stan1Industries1of1Aust1v1Norwich1Winterthur1Ins1(Aust)1(1986)116011CLR12261.........
.........................................................................................................6311
Australian1Consumer1Law1(ACL)..........................................................................16411
Overview1of1ACL1Provisions1....................................................................................6411
INTRODUCTION1TO1ACL1.................................................................................16411
CHAPTER121–1GENERAL1PROTECTIONS1.....................................................16511
Part121–11:1Misleading1or1Deceptive1Conduct1(ss118-19)1.......................6511
P1a1g1e141|126411
Summary1LPC1Notes1Advanced1Commercial1Litigation11
Revision1notes1(Distinction)1202211
1
1
Part121–12:1Unconscionable1Conduct1(ss120-22)1.....................................16511
Part121–13:1Unfair1contract1terms1(ss123-28)1..........................................16611
CHAPTER131–1SPECIFIC1PROTECTIONS1......................................................16911
Part131–11:1Unfair1practices1(ss129-38).........................................................6911
Part131–12:1Consumer1Transactions1(ss151-68)1.......................................16911
CHAPTER151–1ENFORCEMENT1AND1REMEDIES1(ss1218-287)1..............17111
Standard1Form1Contracting1...............................................................................17311
I –1INTRODUCTION1..................................................................................................17311
II –1COSTS1AND1BENEFITS1OF1STANDARD1FORM1CONTRACTS1........17311
III –1THE1ROLE1OF1COMPETITION1..............................................................17411
IV –1MARKET1FAILURE1AND1SOCIAL1FORCES1........................................17511
Frustration1.......................................................................................................................7611
Introduction1to1Frustration1...............................................................................17611
