NR 222 NURSING FINAL EXAM 2 PREPARATION STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A+. VERIFIED ANSWERS

Study Guide For Exam 2 Health Disparities- Umbrella term that includes disparities in health and in healthcare. As defined in healthy people 2020 “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with, social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.” Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systemically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic groups. Health Equity- the accomplishment of the highest level of health for all people. Attaining health equity requires valuing everyone equally with focused and ongoing societal efforts to deal with preventable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and health care disparities. Folk healing- Reflects beliefs, values and treatment of cultural groups. Folk healing practices are seen in a variety of settings including community groups, kinship groups, private homes and healer shrines. Nursing responsibilities when a client is using herbal remedies- Ex Question: A person reports that she has been seeking care from an acupuncturist to help relieve the chronic pain that she has been experiencing. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the nurse? Tell me more about your treatments from the acupuncturist. Nurses can determine what specific remedies individuals are using and whether their continued use would interfere with the prescribed method. The nurse asking the person to describe the treatments from the acupuncturist allows the nurse to learn this information. Ethnocentrism- Practice of viewing other’s ways as inferior or unnatural. a tendency to hold’s one’s own way of life as superior to others. Ethnocentrism is the causes of biases and prejudices that associate negative permanent characteristics with people who are different from the valued group. For example, a nurse refuses to prescribed pain meds to a young African American male with sickle cell anemia because the nurse’s belief that young male Africans are likely to be drug abusers. Holism-incorporates family and support system in care and considers patient viewpoint. How is minority Population changing- Ethnic minority populations could include Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, Blacks/African Americans, Latinos/Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Arab Americans. Unintentional Injuries/ Suicide relating to emerging populations-  Suicide was reported as the fifth leading cause of death among Asian Americans, compared to the ninth cause of death for White Americans.  Among all U.S. women older than age 65, Asian American women have the highest suicide rate.  American Indians/Alaskan Natives have disproportionately high death rates from unintentional injuries and suicide.  Discrimination based on the cultural factors of sexual orientation and gender identity contributes to health and health care inequities. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people have a significantly increased risk for depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders and are four times as likely as their straight peers to make suicide attempts that require medical attention  Family with middle-aged adults  Family with adolescents Cultural Competence and considerations when caring for:  Native Americans- Native Americans are generally present-oriented; they emphasize events that are occurring now rather than events that are occurring now rather than events that will happen later. They take one day at a time, and in times of illness they cope by hoping for improvements the next day. Family and spiritual beliefs are important for Native American. They place great value on their families and relatives. Beliefs are based on nature, Earth, and animals.  The native language is Cheyenne.  Native Americans are concentrated in California, Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Alaska, Washington, North Carolina, Texas, New York, and Michigan.  They believe in past spirits to guide the present.  They are the smallest of the ethnic groups.  They live close to nature.  The dominant religion is Christianity.  Music is rhythmic, representing animals as spirit guides.  Native Americans are prone to cirrhosis, pneumonia, diabetes, suicide, and coronary heart disease.  Hispanics/Latinos-  Primary language is Spanish  They are urban dwellers and are making educational strides.  Latinos are the second largest ethnic group in the United States.  Catholicism is the religious preference.  Roman Catholicism is the prominent religion.  Influences from South American countries and Mexico are evident in Latino culture.  Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the Latino culture. Latinos are also prone to eye disorders.  African American- centered on family and religion. The family is the strongest institution, provides strong extended kinship bonds with grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. The family is considered as the strongest source of support, especially in times of crisis and illness. Family members and relatives are consulted before seeking care elsewhere. The church is a significant support system for many African Americans they believe in the healing power of prayer. (traditional healers)  African-American culture is steeped in African experiences.  Educationally, African-Americans have made substantial gains.  African-Americans can experience high infant and maternal mortality rates.  HIV is among the leading causes of death in males and females ages 25 to 44.  African-Americans have a higher incidence of lung cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke.  Most African-Americans are of Protestant faith. Their language of choice is English.  Dance and music are central to many cultural practices.  There is a complex set of social, economic, and environmental factors.  The family unit is extensive and geographically close.  Hair braiding is an expression of past African influences. Ex Question: A health care provider is working with an African American woman who has recently suffered a stroke and is homebound. She insists that she must get out of the house and attend Sunday worship services. What is the most likely explanation for her insisting that she participate in this cultural practice? The church serves as a social support for its members  COPD Asian American – The oldest male family member often is the decision maker and spokesperson. Physicians and their recommendations are powerful and highly respected and valued. They avoid showing their disagreements with the recommendations of healthcare professionals. They consider that behavior of the individual reflects on the family therefore mental illness or any behavior that indicates lack of self-control is viewed as producing shame and guilt to the family.  Tea plays a major role in Asian culture and ceremonies.  The family is extended with grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins as part of the household. The oldest adult male is usually considered head of the household.  Buddhism is the most common religion.  Origami is the art of folding paper as expression.  Dim sum–type traditional meals consist of many small dishes, including steamed or fried dumplings.  Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to have stomach cancer; however, they are less likely to have breast cancer, prostate cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Ex Question: A health care professional is providing education to the parents of an Asian American child who has recently been diagnosed with Type I diabetes. Which of the following actions should be taken by the health care professional? a. Provide instructions to the child’s father. b. Encourage the parents to bring other siblings into the clinic for screening. c. Schedule multiple educational sessions for the child and family. d. Watch for nonverbal gestures by the adults to indicate understanding. Ex Question: An Asian American family has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would provide an appropriate rationale when encouraging the family to send their child to school? a. The child will get a good education. b. According to law, all children must go to school. c. The child can get health care at school. d. Exposure to different cultures in school will enhance socialization.  Arab Americans- Adult On-Set diabetes major religions are Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Arab adolescent’s health issue is tobacco consumption which is a major risk factor. Both Arab men and women use shisha (waterpipe) and cigarettes with their friends and families at social gatherings. Have lower education levels. Use folk remedies.  Arabic is the language of the Islamic holy book, the Quran.  The Quran is the holy book guiding Muslim culture.  The language of choice is Arabic.  Dress is full traditional cover.  The father is the center of the family and always has the final word. The household usually is extended with grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins as part of the household.  People have relaxed actions involving time.  There is a higher incidence of rickets and genetic disorders. Example Question: A health care professional is caring for an Arab American individual. Which of the following cultural practices of this ethnic minority should be considered when planning care? Religion plays an important role in this culture. Example Question: When providing an educational session abou