BIO202 Central AZ College
Ch. 18 - Cardiovascular System: Blood Study Guide
100/100
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions, definitions, labels, etc. READ AND ANSWER
EVERYTHING SO YOU DON’T MISS POINTS.
Chapter 18
18.1. An Overview of Blood
I. Background
1. Blood is what type of tissue? Connective tissue.
2. What are the three components of the formed elements? Erythrocytes,
leukocytes, platelets.
II. Functions of Blood
1. What is the primary function of blood? Transportation.
A. Transportation
1. What is one substance blood is responsible for transporting? oxygen
a) Why is this important? Oxygen ensures cells remain alive.
2. Blood assists in transportation of blood gases. What gas is transported to
the lungs for exhalation? Carbon dioxide
3. Waste products in the blood are transported to _Kidneys_ for excretion.
B. Defense
1. What cells in the blood are responsible for immune defense? Leukocytes.
2. What in the blood is responsible for blood clotting? Platelets.
C. Maintenance of Homeostasis
1. Temperature regulation is regulated by _negative feedback_ feedback.
2. Increasing the amount of blood circulating to the periphery would have
what effect on overall body temperature? It decreases.
3. Aside from temperature, what other aspects of body homeostasis do
blood and its components regulate? pH and Water content.
III. Composition of Blood
1. Erythrocytes are _red_ blood cells.
2. What is hematocrit, and what does it
measure? Percentage of erythrocytes.
3. The pale, thin layer found above
erythrocytes in a centrifuged sample is
the__laukocytes_ _platelets_, and it contains
___red___ blood cells.
4. What is a normal value for Packed Cell
Volume (PCV)? 37% to 47% in females and 42%
- 52% in males.
5. The image shows a normal centrifuged
sample on the left, and a sample with anemia in
the middle. What is different between the
samples, and by extension what is the pathophysiology associated with
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anemia? the anemic sample has a depressed hematocrit %, meaning
there are fewer red blood cells to transport oxygen.
IV. Characteristics of Blood
1. What pigment in the blood is responsible for the coloration? hemoglobin
2. Do you expect blood to be more or less viscous than water? more
3. Blood is normally higher or lower than body temperature? yes
4. What is a normal value for the blood volume of an adult? 4-6 liters.
V. Blood Plasma
1. Proteins make up about 7 percent of the volume of plasma, and the rest
of the volume is from _Water__.
2. Blood contains numerous substances that are all suspended within what
medium? Plasma.
B. Plasma Proteins
1. Why and how does albumin help to transport lipids? Albumin binds
lipids to transport them
a) Why can’t lipids travel directly in the plasma? Lipids are not
water-soluble
2. Gamma globulins are involved in immunity, and also known as
_Antibodies__ or __immunoglobulins__.
3. What plasma protein is essential for blood clotting? Fibrinogen
4. Albumin, most of the globulins, and fibrinogen are all produced by what
organ? Liver
C. Other Plasma Solutes
1. What is responsible for transporting oxygen and some carbon dioxide in
the blood? Hemoglobin
2. What is the difference between plasma and the formed elements?
Plasma is liquid while formed elements are cells or cell fragments
18.2. Production of the Formed Elements
I. Background
1. What is hemopoiesis? Formation of blood cells.
II. Sites of Hemopoiesis
1. In adulthood hemopoiesis primarily occurs in bones, but there is some
extramedullary hemopoiesis in the ___Liver_____ and __Spleen___.
III. Differentiation of Formed Elements from Stem Cells
1. All of the formed elements of the blood originate from hemocytoblasts or
__Hemopoietic stem cells___.
2. The hemopoietic growth factors stimulate hemopoietic stem cells to
_divide__ and _differentiate__.
A. Lymphoid Stem Cells
1. Lymphoid stems cells produce what mature cells types? B cells, T cells,
NK cells.
2. Lymphoid stem cells migrate where in the body? Lymphoid tissues.
B. Myeloid Stem Cells
1. Myeloid stem cells give rise to _Red__ blood cells, _megakaryocytes__
that produce platelets, monocytes, and granular leukocytes.
Contact for more info:
Ch. 18 - Cardiovascular System: Blood Study Guide
100/100
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions, definitions, labels, etc. READ AND ANSWER
EVERYTHING SO YOU DON’T MISS POINTS.
Chapter 18
18.1. An Overview of Blood
I. Background
1. Blood is what type of tissue? Connective tissue.
2. What are the three components of the formed elements? Erythrocytes,
leukocytes, platelets.
II. Functions of Blood
1. What is the primary function of blood? Transportation.
A. Transportation
1. What is one substance blood is responsible for transporting? oxygen
a) Why is this important? Oxygen ensures cells remain alive.
2. Blood assists in transportation of blood gases. What gas is transported to
the lungs for exhalation? Carbon dioxide
3. Waste products in the blood are transported to _Kidneys_ for excretion.
B. Defense
1. What cells in the blood are responsible for immune defense? Leukocytes.
2. What in the blood is responsible for blood clotting? Platelets.
C. Maintenance of Homeostasis
1. Temperature regulation is regulated by _negative feedback_ feedback.
2. Increasing the amount of blood circulating to the periphery would have
what effect on overall body temperature? It decreases.
3. Aside from temperature, what other aspects of body homeostasis do
blood and its components regulate? pH and Water content.
III. Composition of Blood
1. Erythrocytes are _red_ blood cells.
2. What is hematocrit, and what does it
measure? Percentage of erythrocytes.
3. The pale, thin layer found above
erythrocytes in a centrifuged sample is
the__laukocytes_ _platelets_, and it contains
___red___ blood cells.
4. What is a normal value for Packed Cell
Volume (PCV)? 37% to 47% in females and 42%
- 52% in males.
5. The image shows a normal centrifuged
sample on the left, and a sample with anemia in
the middle. What is different between the
samples, and by extension what is the pathophysiology associated with
Contact for more info:
, BIO202 Central AZ College
anemia? the anemic sample has a depressed hematocrit %, meaning
there are fewer red blood cells to transport oxygen.
IV. Characteristics of Blood
1. What pigment in the blood is responsible for the coloration? hemoglobin
2. Do you expect blood to be more or less viscous than water? more
3. Blood is normally higher or lower than body temperature? yes
4. What is a normal value for the blood volume of an adult? 4-6 liters.
V. Blood Plasma
1. Proteins make up about 7 percent of the volume of plasma, and the rest
of the volume is from _Water__.
2. Blood contains numerous substances that are all suspended within what
medium? Plasma.
B. Plasma Proteins
1. Why and how does albumin help to transport lipids? Albumin binds
lipids to transport them
a) Why can’t lipids travel directly in the plasma? Lipids are not
water-soluble
2. Gamma globulins are involved in immunity, and also known as
_Antibodies__ or __immunoglobulins__.
3. What plasma protein is essential for blood clotting? Fibrinogen
4. Albumin, most of the globulins, and fibrinogen are all produced by what
organ? Liver
C. Other Plasma Solutes
1. What is responsible for transporting oxygen and some carbon dioxide in
the blood? Hemoglobin
2. What is the difference between plasma and the formed elements?
Plasma is liquid while formed elements are cells or cell fragments
18.2. Production of the Formed Elements
I. Background
1. What is hemopoiesis? Formation of blood cells.
II. Sites of Hemopoiesis
1. In adulthood hemopoiesis primarily occurs in bones, but there is some
extramedullary hemopoiesis in the ___Liver_____ and __Spleen___.
III. Differentiation of Formed Elements from Stem Cells
1. All of the formed elements of the blood originate from hemocytoblasts or
__Hemopoietic stem cells___.
2. The hemopoietic growth factors stimulate hemopoietic stem cells to
_divide__ and _differentiate__.
A. Lymphoid Stem Cells
1. Lymphoid stems cells produce what mature cells types? B cells, T cells,
NK cells.
2. Lymphoid stem cells migrate where in the body? Lymphoid tissues.
B. Myeloid Stem Cells
1. Myeloid stem cells give rise to _Red__ blood cells, _megakaryocytes__
that produce platelets, monocytes, and granular leukocytes.
Contact for more info:
