MGT 325 EXAM 1 | VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE | 2026
scientific management - Answers -Adam Smith- job specialization and division of labor,
Frederick Taylor's 4 Principles, Henry ford and the conveyor belt, Gilbreth's Time/Motion
Studies-- Jobs became repetitive and people became dissatisfied
Frederick Taylor's 4 Principles - Answers -1. Study the way workers perform their tasks
to increase efficiency. 2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written work
rules and SOP's. 3. Carefully select workers so that their skills and abilities match the
demands of the job. 4. Establish a fair or acceptable level of performance and develop a
pay system that rewards performance above this level.
History of Management - Answers -Late in the 19th century, major economic, technical
and cultural changes were taking place. The industrial revolution changed the way
goods were produced. Small workshops were replaced by large factories. Managers in
these factories were engineers who weren't used to dealing with social problems that
occur when groups of people work together.
Administrative Management and Weber's Bureaucracy - Answers -The goal was to
create an organizational setting to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.
Behavioral management Theory - Answers -Mary Parker Follett, Hawthorne Studies
Gilbreth's Time/Motion Studies - Answers -goal was to maximize the efficiency with
which each individual task was performed adding up to enormous savings of time and
effort. They focused on the study of fatigue and how physical characteristics of the work
place contributed to job stress.
Bureaucratic Management - Answers -includes the idea that power should be tied to
position rather than connections. Positions relationships to each other should be well
defined and specified. Positions should be arranged hierarchically. Jobs should be held
based on performance rather than social level or personal contacts. There should be a
well-defined system of rules and SOP's
Follett and Scientific Mgmt - Answers -said it was ignoring the human side of work
Follett's "radical ideas" - Answers -1. Workers know the most about their jobs and
should be involved in analyzing them. 2. Authority should go with knowledge...whether it
is up or down. 3. Knowledge and expertise and not managers' formal authority should
decide who would lead at any moment. 4. Power should be fluid. 5. What happened?
Her work was ignored and people continued to follow Taylor and Gilbreth.
, Hawthorne Studies - Answers -1. Experiments conducted at the Hawthorne Works of
the Western Electric company from 1924-1932.
2. Studied the effects of lighting changes on productivity. Found that productivity went
up simply because the employees liked the attention!
Goal of scientific management - Answers -EFFICIENCY
Adam Smith - Answers -focused on job specialization and division of labor, was the first
writer to investigate the advantages of factory production. He found that performance of
the factories using specialization was much greater.
Organization - Answers -a collection of people and materials brought together to
accomplish purposes not achievable through the efforts of individuals working alone. a
coordinated social unit, composed of 2 or more people. that functions on a relatively
continuous basis o achieve a common goal/ set of goals
Three Attributes of organizations - Answers -1. mission 2. division of labor 3. hierarchy
of authority
Mission - Answers -an organization's purpose or reason for being, Identifies primary
goods or services of the organization, Helps hold the organization together by giving
members a shared sense of direction
Division of labor - Answers -How work is broken into smaller tasks
Hierarchy of Authority - Answers -What people at what levels have authority
Management - Answers -the process of influencing behavior in organizations such that
common purposes are identified, worked toward, and achieved
management functions - Answers -Planning, organizing, controlling, directing/leading
planning - Answers -a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and
developing plans to coordinate activities
organizing - Answers -determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how
the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made
controlling - Answers -monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as
planned and correcting any significant deviations
directing/leading - Answers -a function that includes motivating employees, directing
others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts
Mintzberg's managerial roles - Answers -Interpersonal roles, informational roles,
decisional roles
GUIDE | 2026
scientific management - Answers -Adam Smith- job specialization and division of labor,
Frederick Taylor's 4 Principles, Henry ford and the conveyor belt, Gilbreth's Time/Motion
Studies-- Jobs became repetitive and people became dissatisfied
Frederick Taylor's 4 Principles - Answers -1. Study the way workers perform their tasks
to increase efficiency. 2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written work
rules and SOP's. 3. Carefully select workers so that their skills and abilities match the
demands of the job. 4. Establish a fair or acceptable level of performance and develop a
pay system that rewards performance above this level.
History of Management - Answers -Late in the 19th century, major economic, technical
and cultural changes were taking place. The industrial revolution changed the way
goods were produced. Small workshops were replaced by large factories. Managers in
these factories were engineers who weren't used to dealing with social problems that
occur when groups of people work together.
Administrative Management and Weber's Bureaucracy - Answers -The goal was to
create an organizational setting to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.
Behavioral management Theory - Answers -Mary Parker Follett, Hawthorne Studies
Gilbreth's Time/Motion Studies - Answers -goal was to maximize the efficiency with
which each individual task was performed adding up to enormous savings of time and
effort. They focused on the study of fatigue and how physical characteristics of the work
place contributed to job stress.
Bureaucratic Management - Answers -includes the idea that power should be tied to
position rather than connections. Positions relationships to each other should be well
defined and specified. Positions should be arranged hierarchically. Jobs should be held
based on performance rather than social level or personal contacts. There should be a
well-defined system of rules and SOP's
Follett and Scientific Mgmt - Answers -said it was ignoring the human side of work
Follett's "radical ideas" - Answers -1. Workers know the most about their jobs and
should be involved in analyzing them. 2. Authority should go with knowledge...whether it
is up or down. 3. Knowledge and expertise and not managers' formal authority should
decide who would lead at any moment. 4. Power should be fluid. 5. What happened?
Her work was ignored and people continued to follow Taylor and Gilbreth.
, Hawthorne Studies - Answers -1. Experiments conducted at the Hawthorne Works of
the Western Electric company from 1924-1932.
2. Studied the effects of lighting changes on productivity. Found that productivity went
up simply because the employees liked the attention!
Goal of scientific management - Answers -EFFICIENCY
Adam Smith - Answers -focused on job specialization and division of labor, was the first
writer to investigate the advantages of factory production. He found that performance of
the factories using specialization was much greater.
Organization - Answers -a collection of people and materials brought together to
accomplish purposes not achievable through the efforts of individuals working alone. a
coordinated social unit, composed of 2 or more people. that functions on a relatively
continuous basis o achieve a common goal/ set of goals
Three Attributes of organizations - Answers -1. mission 2. division of labor 3. hierarchy
of authority
Mission - Answers -an organization's purpose or reason for being, Identifies primary
goods or services of the organization, Helps hold the organization together by giving
members a shared sense of direction
Division of labor - Answers -How work is broken into smaller tasks
Hierarchy of Authority - Answers -What people at what levels have authority
Management - Answers -the process of influencing behavior in organizations such that
common purposes are identified, worked toward, and achieved
management functions - Answers -Planning, organizing, controlling, directing/leading
planning - Answers -a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and
developing plans to coordinate activities
organizing - Answers -determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how
the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made
controlling - Answers -monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as
planned and correcting any significant deviations
directing/leading - Answers -a function that includes motivating employees, directing
others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts
Mintzberg's managerial roles - Answers -Interpersonal roles, informational roles,
decisional roles
