CMAN 380 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

CMAN 380 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Name the first nurse epidemiologist who pioneered the use of statistics to improve public health. A. Dorothea Dix B. Florence Nightingale C. Lillian Wald D. Sue Barton - Answers B. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale used statistics to show changes in outcomes as hospital conditions during the war improved because of nurses. The nurse noted that 15 people became very ill while eating at the school banquet for the basketball team. To calculate the rate of illness, what other fact does the nurse need? A. How many athletes were honored for being on the team B. How many parents and family members attended the banquet C. How many people ate at the banquet D. What foods were served at the banquet E. Who prepared and served the food at the banquet - Answers C. How many people ate at the banquet To be able to calculate the rate, the nurse needs to know how many became ill (15) out of the total population (the missing number) at the event. Therefore the nurse needs to know how many people ate at the banquet. A rate might be accurately defined as: A. Another term for ratio. B. A way of determining the incidence of disease in a group. C. A way to make comparisons among equal-size populations. D. The number of events divided by the number of persons at risk. - Answers D. The number of events divided by the number of persons at risk. A rate is a numerator of the actual number of events and a denominator of the total population at risk converted to a standard base to permit comparisons between various population groups of whatever size. The nurse was asked whether the agency should focus on young single moms in Two Oaks or Centerville. Two Oaks had 50 single moms in a village of 4000 persons, whereas Centerville had 150 single moms in an urban area of 15,000 people. What would be the best reply? A. As the nurse can be helpful to either neighborhood, the nurse can choose. B. The nurse needs more data. C. The nurse should choose to focus on single moms in Centerville D. The nurse should choose to focus on single moms in Two Oaks. - Answers D. The nurse should choose to focus on single moms in Two Oaks. It is apparent that Two Oaks has a higher rate of single moms than Centerville does. Nurses must focus on high-risk groups—and the single moms in Two Oaks are at higher risk. What was one of the first public health measures legislated by the U.S. federal government? A. Fund local government provision of safe water. B. Use the power to impose quarantine. C. Inspect restaurants, bars, and other public eating facilities. D. Regulate disposal of waste (garbage and feces). E. Require pasteurization of all milk. - Answers B. Use the power to impose quarantine. Quarantine was the first measure used on a federal level to restrict spread of infectious diseases. Jacob Henle developed scientific criteria to link an organism to its specific disease. What are his criteria, which we still use today? A. Give samples of the organism to three different researchers and see if all three researchers can grow it successfully. B. Grow the organism on the diseased tissue and then see if, when spread on normal tissue, the organism continues to grow. C. Identify microorganisms under a microscope and grow them on the tissue that the disease usually infects. D. Identify the organism, isolate the organism, and see if the organism produces disease. - Answers D. Identify the organism, isolate the organism, and see if the organism produces disease. Henle's three criteria to link an organism to its specific disease were to identify the organism, isolate it, and use the organism to generate disease. n what way are antibiotics important in reducing the spread of communicable diseases? A. Help keep the environment free of the infectious agent. B. Help the host resist the infection. C. Kill the entire infectious agent upon contact with it. D. Reduce the time during which the infected person is contagious. - Answers D. Reduce the time during which the infected person is contagious. Antibiotics have many effects, but they reduce the spread of communicable diseases by decreasing the time during which an infected host is contagious. What is true concerning infectious diseases at the current time in the United States? A. They account for 25% of all physician visits and are still a major cause of death. B. They are not a community/public health problem in the United States. C. They are a major source of morbidity in the world, but not in the United States. D. They are a major source of mortality in the world, but rarely fatal in the United States. - Answers A. They account for 25% of all physician visits and are still a major cause of death. Infectious diseases are a major cause of death in many nonindustrialized countries. Even in the United States, infectious diseases are responsible for 25% of all doctors' visits and remain a leading cause of death. What occurred to help create several measles epidemics in the 1990s? A. People had stopped getting measles and other immunizations. B. The measles vaccine was no longer effective against the agent because it had mutated. C. The measles vaccine did not provide lifetime immunity. D. Thousands of ineffective contaminated vaccine injections had unknowingly been given. - Answers C. The measles vaccine did not provide lifetime immunity. Although it had been believed that measles immunity lasted for a lifetime, it clearly did not, and one to two booster doses are now recommended for continued protection against measles. A young mother wanted her child vaccinated against measles. When she read the "benefits and risks" sheet, she changed her mind. Her child was the only one in his class not to get the injection. What is the probable risk of her child getting measles in elementary school? A. Fairly high, since there is no way to prevent being exposed to measles during childhood B. Fairly low, since measles usually hits in late adolescence now C. Low, since most of the child's playmates have been immunized D. Very high without the protection of immunization - Answers C. Low, since most of the child's playmates have been immunized Ninety percent vaccination of susceptible groups provides substantial protection. Consequently, if the susceptible child was the only one not immunized, there is no one—at least at the school—to give him an infection. What group is most at risk today for an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia? A. Adolescents who have not yet received their booster shots B. Elderly over age 65 who live in nursing homes and other extended care facilities C. Elementary school children who have not been immunized D. Young adults who have never been exposed to the agent before - Answers B. Elderly over age 65 who live in nursing homes and other extended care facilities The outbreaks in chronic care facilities were determined to be the result of failure to vaccinate at-risk populations, particularly the elderly over age 65 who live in or visit community settings with many older adults. As the majority of deaths caused by pneumococcal and influenza disease occur in those over 65, nurses should make an effort to ensure that such vaccinations are routinely administered in institutions that serve the older adult population. Polio vaccine is now given in a two-step process, first inactivated poliovirus and then live oral polio vaccine. Why is such a two-step process used? A. It allows health professionals to promise that children cannot get polio from the immunization process. B. Live oral polio vaccine for the second dose is cheaper than giving both doses with inactivated poliovirus C. It is more risky for employees to grow and prepare live polio vaccine than inactivated poliovirus. D. Some newly immunized individuals caught polio from the live vaccine when only live vaccine was given. - Answers D. Some newly immunized individuals caught polio from the live vaccine when only live vaccine was given. The two-step process cuts the risk of getting vaccine-acquired poliomyelitis in half. A man had a viral upper respiratory tract infection and demanded that the family nurse practitioner (FNP) write him a prescription for an antibiotic. The FNP gave the man both verbal and written information about over-the-counter drugs to control symptoms. However, the patient insisted upon an antibiotic. What might the FNP reply? A. "Antibiotics won't be helpful in treating this, but they may allow bacteria that will be immune to antibiotics to develop, putting you at high risk for getting sicker." B. "I'll write you a prescription for a special new research drug that works wonders with viral respiratory infections." Then the FNP writes a prescription for a placebo. C. "I'm the expert. I'll decide when you need an antibiotic. And you do NOT need one." D. "Of course; I always try to meet the needs of my clients. Which antibiotic do you find works best for you?" - Answers A. "Antibiotics won't be helpful in treating this, but they may allow bacteria that will be immune to antibiotics to develop, putting you at high risk for getting sicker." Antibiotics should be used prudently to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Yet, the client's perceived need should be addressed. Drug-resistant strains are a threat to everyone. Who might be most at risk for an infectious disease? A. The woman who has been taking antituberculosis (TB) medication for 3 months B. The 85-year-old woman who recently emigrated with her much younger family from Asia and currently spends her days in an unlicensed senior day care center C. A full-time nurse at the local public health clinic D. A volunteer nurse aide at the STD clinic - Answers B. The 85-year-old woman who recently emigrated with her much younger family from Asia and currently spends her days in an unlicensed senior day care center Crowded living arrangements in institutional settings lead to higher risk for residents. Immigrants from countries where TB is indigenous are also at risk. The 85-year-old emigrant, having two risk factors, would therefore be the most vulnerable. For what infection are health care professionals particularly at risk? A. Drug-resistant salmonella B. HBV C. MDR-TB D. STDs, including AIDS - Answers B. HBV Blood-borne pathogens are an occupational risk for health care workers. Scrupulous adherence to universal precautions reduces that risk. People are fearful of the West Nile virus. What could a nurse truthfully say to them? A. "As long as you stay out of forested areas, you'll be safe." B. "Don't touch any dead birds or other small animals and you'll be fine." C. "It is spread by infected mosquitoes, so wear insect repellent." D. "The disease only occurs in isolated sections of the United States, so you're probably safe." - Answers C. "It is spread by infected mosquitoes, so wear insect repellent." West Nile virus is spread over a wide geographic area and is considered an epidemic. Because it is spread by infected mosquitoes, people should consider using insect repellent. Upon which aspects of patient care within the hospital should an infection control nurse focus? A. Operating rooms and the emergency department, where open wounds are frequent B. Patients with indwelling portals of entry, such as Hickman catheters C. The cleaning/maintenance persons, who must maintain high standards of cleanliness in the hospital D. Those patients admitted for a brief time to undergo outpatient surgery - Answers B. Patients with indwelling portals of entry, such as Hickman catheters Infections can occur rapidly when there is easy access to the internal body, as seen with central