Summary Engelse Taalkunde - Modality

DEONTIC MODALITY (to...) + SP/H (i...) - SP/H (subject...)
OBLIGATION
strong must/need have/need/be to
i oblige subject to... subject is obliged to...
weak should ought to
i think it right/decent/good it is right/decent/good to...
to...
absence of OBLIGATION needn’t (need not) not have/need to
external negation i don’t require subject to... subject is not obliged to...
PROHIBITION (always not)
internal negation
strong mustn’t (must not) not to be
i oblige/order subject not subject is obliged not to...
to...
weak shouldn't (should not) oughtn’t to (ought not to)
i advise subject not to... it is right/decent/good not to...
i think it right/decent/good
not to...
VOLITION shall will
i want subject to... subject is willing to...
VOLITION not to shan’t (shall not) won’t (will not)
internal negation i want subject not to... subject is willing not to...
absence of VOLITION shan’t (shall not) won’t (will not)
external negation i don’t want subject to... subject is not willing to...
PERMISSION may can
i allow subject to... subject is allowed to...
PERMISSION not to may not can not
internal negation i don’t allow subject to... subject is not allowed to...
absence of PERMISSION may not can't (cannot)
external negation i don’t allow subject to... subject is not allowed to...
ABILITY can
subject is able to...
ABILITY not to can not
internal negation subject is not able to...
absence of ABILITY can't (cannot)
external negation subject is not able to...


DEONTIC MODALITY
= degree of obligatoriness of situation & actualization of a situation (virtual/potential)
= subjective