common nouns
= designate a type of entity (CATERGORIZATION), preceded by a determiner to establish
reference
meaning: determining features can be listed
COUNT nouns UNCOUNT nouns
- singular or plural - no plural
- finite verb is plural - finite verb is singular
- determiner - no determiner
- modified by numbers - not modified by numbers
SPECIAL cases of count nouns SPECIAL cases of uncount nouns
- singular nouns = unique entities - ending in -s:
- plural nouns = only in plural • activities/games/sport/work
• pair nouns = pair refers to 1 • diseases
item (clothes, tools) - measured by uncount quantifiers &
- collective nouns = group of expressions
people/things
proper names
= designate a unique individual (INSTANTIATION => only 1 is relevant), no determiner
because instance in/on themselves
meaning: grammatical meaning (singular, definite, concrete), no lexical meaning, implied
specifications
TRUE proper names used as common nouns
- notion of closeness (known) - preceded by determiner
- notion of distance (less known) - entity with name X
- important aspects - entity with characteristics of X
- product associated with X
pronouns
= refer to something or someone from context, no determiner
TRUE pronouns used as common nouns
- modification to express closeness - preceded by determiner
- refer to people in general - no longer a unique individual
- implied type specifications
adjectives
function: qualitative, classifying, postdeterminer, head
classifying adj. qualitative adj.
= designates subtype of the general type = designates quality or property (more
- forms subsets/taxonomies specific)
- no predicative use (X is Y) - attributive & predicate use (X is Y)
- non-gradable (no submodifiers or - gradable (submodifiers or
comparison) comparison)
numeratives
ordinal numbers cardinal numbers quantifiers
= specific position/rank on a = specific description of = unspecific quantitative job, can
numbered list (first, second, quantity in numbers be predeterminer, preceded by
third, fourth...) (one, a million, two determiner or not =>
point five...)
presence of determiner absence of determiner
- definite noun phrase - indefinite noun phrase
followed by COUNT noun followed by UNCOUNT noun
- many, a number of - much, an amount of, a great deal
- plenty of, a lot of, lots of - plenty of, a lot of, lots of
= designate a type of entity (CATERGORIZATION), preceded by a determiner to establish
reference
meaning: determining features can be listed
COUNT nouns UNCOUNT nouns
- singular or plural - no plural
- finite verb is plural - finite verb is singular
- determiner - no determiner
- modified by numbers - not modified by numbers
SPECIAL cases of count nouns SPECIAL cases of uncount nouns
- singular nouns = unique entities - ending in -s:
- plural nouns = only in plural • activities/games/sport/work
• pair nouns = pair refers to 1 • diseases
item (clothes, tools) - measured by uncount quantifiers &
- collective nouns = group of expressions
people/things
proper names
= designate a unique individual (INSTANTIATION => only 1 is relevant), no determiner
because instance in/on themselves
meaning: grammatical meaning (singular, definite, concrete), no lexical meaning, implied
specifications
TRUE proper names used as common nouns
- notion of closeness (known) - preceded by determiner
- notion of distance (less known) - entity with name X
- important aspects - entity with characteristics of X
- product associated with X
pronouns
= refer to something or someone from context, no determiner
TRUE pronouns used as common nouns
- modification to express closeness - preceded by determiner
- refer to people in general - no longer a unique individual
- implied type specifications
adjectives
function: qualitative, classifying, postdeterminer, head
classifying adj. qualitative adj.
= designates subtype of the general type = designates quality or property (more
- forms subsets/taxonomies specific)
- no predicative use (X is Y) - attributive & predicate use (X is Y)
- non-gradable (no submodifiers or - gradable (submodifiers or
comparison) comparison)
numeratives
ordinal numbers cardinal numbers quantifiers
= specific position/rank on a = specific description of = unspecific quantitative job, can
numbered list (first, second, quantity in numbers be predeterminer, preceded by
third, fourth...) (one, a million, two determiner or not =>
point five...)
presence of determiner absence of determiner
- definite noun phrase - indefinite noun phrase
followed by COUNT noun followed by UNCOUNT noun
- many, a number of - much, an amount of, a great deal
- plenty of, a lot of, lots of - plenty of, a lot of, lots of
