COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
WITH COMPLETE SOLVED
QUESTIONS GRADED A PLUS 2026
‣ Hydrogen bond. Answer: Weak bond interaction Between two
molecules
‣ amino group. Answer: Consists of hydorgen and nitrogen atoms (-
NH3+)
‣ macromolecules. Answer: A giant molecule in a living organism
formed by the joining of smaller molecules: a protein, carbohydrate, or
nucleic acid.
‣ polymer. Answer: a long molecule consisting of many similar or
identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
‣ Amino acid. Answer: Amino group + Carboxylic acid + R group =
Amino acid
‣ carboxyl group. Answer: A -COOH group, found in organic acids.
, Coo-, O=C-O-
‣ Four classes of biological macromolecules. Answer: Proteins,
carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids
‣ SPONCH. Answer: Sulfur phosphorous oxygen nitrogen carbon
hydrogen
‣ polymer. Answer: a long molecule consisting of many similar or
identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds.
‣ R group. Answer: a functional group that defines a particular amino
acid that makes it a specific protein (20 amino acids) aka side chain
‣ Catalyst. Answer: Speed up chemical reactions but remain unchanged
by the reaction.
‣ monomers. Answer: repeating units that serve as the building blocks of
a polymer
‣ enzymes. Answer: specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical
reactions in cells
‣ alpha carbon. Answer: the central carbon atom of each amino acid