Physiology II - Exam 3 (FULL) (-Hemodynamics-
Circulation -Hemodynamics - Blood Flow and Pressure -
Hemodynamics-Capillary Exchange -Local and Humoral
Regulation of Blood Flow -Neural Regulation of Circulation
-Renal Regulation of Blood Flow -Blood, Red Blood Cells
and Erythropoiesis -Hemoglobin and Iron Metabolism)
Questions With Complete Solutions
What is the most important mechanism for increasing blood
flow to muscles during exercise?
active hyperemia
Ability of a tissue to maintain relatively constant blood flow
despite a wide range of changes in arterial pressures
Autoregulation
The _______ blood flow is controlled mostly by plasma carbon
dioxide and hydrogen ion levels. Increase in [CO2] causes
vasodilation, washing out the wastes.
brain
_______ have a feedback system between the fluid going
through the nephron (renal tubules) exert a feedback on state of
arterioles (tubuloglomerular feedback).
Very low fluid volume will cause vasodilation
Kidneys
In ______, blood flow depends on body temperature, and
regulated by sympathetic system.
,skin
The most important vasodilator. Produced by endothelial cells
of larger arteries- produced by shear stress on endothelium when
blood flows faster. It produces cGMP which causes smooth
muscle relaxation.
Nitric oxide (NO)
T/F: Increased CO2 and H+ also cause vasoconstricition.
False, vasodilation
What vasodilators inhibit smooth muscle contraction to cause
vasodilation?
Potassium/magnesium ions
Most important local vasoconstrictor, released especially from
damaged endothelium in blood vessels.
Endothelin
What vasoconstrictor increases blood pressure under
severe hemorrhage?
The most potent => stimulated by high plasma osmolarity and
low blood volume.
ADH (vasopressin)
Norepinephrine, Angiotensin II, Vasopressin, and endothelin are
examples of
Vasoconstrictors
, The blood vessels in the systemic circulation _______ in
response to low oxygen (hypoxia), increasing O2 delivery to
normal levels.
dilate
The blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation => lungs ______
in response to low levels of O2 in alveolus (hypoxia).
constrict
T/F: Most angiogenic factors are small peptides such as
Vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGF), fibroblast
growth factor (FGF), and angiogenin.
True
T/F: Increased tissue metabolism lead to increases in blood flow
because more oxygen is used up.
True
All of the following release _____ from tissues
- Adenosine
- CO2
- Lactic acid
- ADP compounds
- Histamine
- K+ ions
- H+ ions- these diffuse to precapillary sphincters
- metarterioles and arterioles.
vasodilators
Circulation -Hemodynamics - Blood Flow and Pressure -
Hemodynamics-Capillary Exchange -Local and Humoral
Regulation of Blood Flow -Neural Regulation of Circulation
-Renal Regulation of Blood Flow -Blood, Red Blood Cells
and Erythropoiesis -Hemoglobin and Iron Metabolism)
Questions With Complete Solutions
What is the most important mechanism for increasing blood
flow to muscles during exercise?
active hyperemia
Ability of a tissue to maintain relatively constant blood flow
despite a wide range of changes in arterial pressures
Autoregulation
The _______ blood flow is controlled mostly by plasma carbon
dioxide and hydrogen ion levels. Increase in [CO2] causes
vasodilation, washing out the wastes.
brain
_______ have a feedback system between the fluid going
through the nephron (renal tubules) exert a feedback on state of
arterioles (tubuloglomerular feedback).
Very low fluid volume will cause vasodilation
Kidneys
In ______, blood flow depends on body temperature, and
regulated by sympathetic system.
,skin
The most important vasodilator. Produced by endothelial cells
of larger arteries- produced by shear stress on endothelium when
blood flows faster. It produces cGMP which causes smooth
muscle relaxation.
Nitric oxide (NO)
T/F: Increased CO2 and H+ also cause vasoconstricition.
False, vasodilation
What vasodilators inhibit smooth muscle contraction to cause
vasodilation?
Potassium/magnesium ions
Most important local vasoconstrictor, released especially from
damaged endothelium in blood vessels.
Endothelin
What vasoconstrictor increases blood pressure under
severe hemorrhage?
The most potent => stimulated by high plasma osmolarity and
low blood volume.
ADH (vasopressin)
Norepinephrine, Angiotensin II, Vasopressin, and endothelin are
examples of
Vasoconstrictors
, The blood vessels in the systemic circulation _______ in
response to low oxygen (hypoxia), increasing O2 delivery to
normal levels.
dilate
The blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation => lungs ______
in response to low levels of O2 in alveolus (hypoxia).
constrict
T/F: Most angiogenic factors are small peptides such as
Vascular endothelial cell growth factors (VEGF), fibroblast
growth factor (FGF), and angiogenin.
True
T/F: Increased tissue metabolism lead to increases in blood flow
because more oxygen is used up.
True
All of the following release _____ from tissues
- Adenosine
- CO2
- Lactic acid
- ADP compounds
- Histamine
- K+ ions
- H+ ions- these diffuse to precapillary sphincters
- metarterioles and arterioles.
vasodilators
