Human Biology Final (Intro to Human Biology [BIO-110-01]
Questions With Complete Solutions
-*Sodium* (Na⁺), *Chloride* (Cl⁻), & *Potassium* (K⁺):
important in muscle contraction & nerve conduction.
-*Calcium* (Ca⁺²): found in bones.; important in nerve &
muscle function & blood clotting. Correct Answers Importance
of ions in living systems?
A*b*duction Correct Answers moving an arm or leg *away*
from the midline of the body.
A*d*duction Correct Answers moving an arm or leg *towards*
the midline of the body.
Action potential Correct Answers rapid change in polarity
across the membrane when the impulse occurs.
-depolarized.
Active transport Correct Answers movement of molecules
in/out of the cell which *requires* energy from ATP.
-usually from *low to high* concentrations.
-Examples: endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane "pumps".
Agglutination Correct Answers clumping of red blood cells due
to a reaction between antigens on red blood cell plasma
membranes & antibodies in the plasma.
Alzheimer's disease Correct Answers gradual loss of reason to
plaques around axons & tangles around axons.
,Anemia Correct Answers disorder caused by blood not carrying
enough oxygen.
-too few RBCs, too little hemoglobin, too little iron.
Aneurism Correct Answers caused by a *weakness in an artery
wall* that can explode under pressure causing internal bleeding.
Angina pectoris Correct Answers chest pain & numbness in left
arm during exercise.
-means coronary arteries are narrowed & is a warning sign for a
heart attack.
Angioplasty Correct Answers a plastic tube is inserted into the
coronary artery, which are flooded with dye to look for
blockages & repaired.
Antibody Correct Answers protein produced in response to the
presence of an antigen.
-each one combines w/ in a specific antigen.
Antigen Correct Answers foreign substance, usually a protein or
polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce
antibodies.
Appendicular skeleton Correct Answers portion of the skeleton
forming the pectoral girdles & upper extremities & the pelvic
girdle & lower extremities.
[pectoral girdle, clavicle, scapula, pelvic girdle, coxal bones,
arms, legs].
,arteries [i.e., aorta]. Correct Answers where BP is the highest?
Arteries Correct Answers -always carry blood *AWAY* from
the heart.
-*Thick*, muscular walls.
-*Smaller* inside diameter.
-*No* valves.
Arthritis Correct Answers inflammation in a joint that leads to
degenerative changes that cause pain & reduce mobility.
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers accumulation of
cholesterol/fats beneath artery linings plaque interferes with
blood flow.
Atrophy Correct Answers shrinking of muscle due to lack of
use or stimulation.
AV node (atrioventricular node) Correct Answers small region
of neuromuscular tissue that *transmits impulses* received from
the SA node to the ventricles.
Axial skeleton Correct Answers supports & protects the organs
of the head, neck & trunk.
[skull, rib cage, sternum, costal cartilages, vertebral column,
sacrum, coccyx].
Be able to identify the parts of the digestive system & accessory
organs [DIAGRAM] Correct Answers ...
, Be able to identify the parts of the scientific method in a
description of an experiment Correct Answers ...
bony callus Correct Answers osteoblasts form spongy bone.
-converts the fibrocartilage callus to this, that joins the broken
bones together.
-lasts about 3-4 months.
buffer Correct Answers substances that act to resist changes in
pH in a solution.
-they keep body pH constant, maintaining homeostasis.
calorie Correct Answers a measure of how much energy is in
the food we eat.
cancer Correct Answers a genetic disease requiring many
mutations causing cells to form tumors.
-a rapid reproduction of your own cells which is most likely to
happen in cells that would normally reproduce rapidly,
especially epithelial & connective tissue cells.
Capillaries Correct Answers -*CONNECT* arteries to veins.
-Microscopically small blood vessels.
-Walls are *one* cell thick.
Carbohydrates:
-*energy*- Correct Answers (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic
Acids: Mon., Pol., Funct., Energy)
-4 Kcal/gram of energy.
Carbohydrates:
Questions With Complete Solutions
-*Sodium* (Na⁺), *Chloride* (Cl⁻), & *Potassium* (K⁺):
important in muscle contraction & nerve conduction.
-*Calcium* (Ca⁺²): found in bones.; important in nerve &
muscle function & blood clotting. Correct Answers Importance
of ions in living systems?
A*b*duction Correct Answers moving an arm or leg *away*
from the midline of the body.
A*d*duction Correct Answers moving an arm or leg *towards*
the midline of the body.
Action potential Correct Answers rapid change in polarity
across the membrane when the impulse occurs.
-depolarized.
Active transport Correct Answers movement of molecules
in/out of the cell which *requires* energy from ATP.
-usually from *low to high* concentrations.
-Examples: endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane "pumps".
Agglutination Correct Answers clumping of red blood cells due
to a reaction between antigens on red blood cell plasma
membranes & antibodies in the plasma.
Alzheimer's disease Correct Answers gradual loss of reason to
plaques around axons & tangles around axons.
,Anemia Correct Answers disorder caused by blood not carrying
enough oxygen.
-too few RBCs, too little hemoglobin, too little iron.
Aneurism Correct Answers caused by a *weakness in an artery
wall* that can explode under pressure causing internal bleeding.
Angina pectoris Correct Answers chest pain & numbness in left
arm during exercise.
-means coronary arteries are narrowed & is a warning sign for a
heart attack.
Angioplasty Correct Answers a plastic tube is inserted into the
coronary artery, which are flooded with dye to look for
blockages & repaired.
Antibody Correct Answers protein produced in response to the
presence of an antigen.
-each one combines w/ in a specific antigen.
Antigen Correct Answers foreign substance, usually a protein or
polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce
antibodies.
Appendicular skeleton Correct Answers portion of the skeleton
forming the pectoral girdles & upper extremities & the pelvic
girdle & lower extremities.
[pectoral girdle, clavicle, scapula, pelvic girdle, coxal bones,
arms, legs].
,arteries [i.e., aorta]. Correct Answers where BP is the highest?
Arteries Correct Answers -always carry blood *AWAY* from
the heart.
-*Thick*, muscular walls.
-*Smaller* inside diameter.
-*No* valves.
Arthritis Correct Answers inflammation in a joint that leads to
degenerative changes that cause pain & reduce mobility.
Atherosclerosis Correct Answers accumulation of
cholesterol/fats beneath artery linings plaque interferes with
blood flow.
Atrophy Correct Answers shrinking of muscle due to lack of
use or stimulation.
AV node (atrioventricular node) Correct Answers small region
of neuromuscular tissue that *transmits impulses* received from
the SA node to the ventricles.
Axial skeleton Correct Answers supports & protects the organs
of the head, neck & trunk.
[skull, rib cage, sternum, costal cartilages, vertebral column,
sacrum, coccyx].
Be able to identify the parts of the digestive system & accessory
organs [DIAGRAM] Correct Answers ...
, Be able to identify the parts of the scientific method in a
description of an experiment Correct Answers ...
bony callus Correct Answers osteoblasts form spongy bone.
-converts the fibrocartilage callus to this, that joins the broken
bones together.
-lasts about 3-4 months.
buffer Correct Answers substances that act to resist changes in
pH in a solution.
-they keep body pH constant, maintaining homeostasis.
calorie Correct Answers a measure of how much energy is in
the food we eat.
cancer Correct Answers a genetic disease requiring many
mutations causing cells to form tumors.
-a rapid reproduction of your own cells which is most likely to
happen in cells that would normally reproduce rapidly,
especially epithelial & connective tissue cells.
Capillaries Correct Answers -*CONNECT* arteries to veins.
-Microscopically small blood vessels.
-Walls are *one* cell thick.
Carbohydrates:
-*energy*- Correct Answers (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic
Acids: Mon., Pol., Funct., Energy)
-4 Kcal/gram of energy.
Carbohydrates:
