BIO 139 KCTCS HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II | MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM PREP | ENDOCRINE, CARDIOVASCULAR, LYMPHATIC, RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, URINARY & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | LATEST 2026/2027 | GUARANTEED PASS

BIO 139 KCTCS HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II | MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM PREP | ENDOCRINE, CARDIOVASCULAR, LYMPHATIC, RESPIRATORY,
DIGESTIVE, URINARY & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | LATEST 2026/2027 | GUARANTEED PASS




1. Which gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

• A) Thyroid
• B) Adrenal
• C) Pituitary
• D) Anterior pituitary

2. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

• A) FSH
• B) ACTH
• C) TSH
• D) GH

3. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the:

• A) Anterior pituitary
• B) Hypothalamus
• C) Thyroid
• D) Adrenal medulla

4. Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?

• A) Aldosterone
• B) Cortisol
• C) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
• D) Oxytocin

5. Oxytocin is released in response to:

• A) Low blood glucose
• B) Uterine stretching and nursing
• C) High blood pressure
• D) Stress

6. Which cells of the pancreas produce glucagon?

• A) Beta cells
• B) Alpha cells

, • C) Delta cells
• D) Acinar cells

7. Insulin lowers blood glucose by:

• A) Inhibiting glycogenolysis
• B) Promoting gluconeogenesis
• C) Facilitating glucose uptake into cells
• D) Stimulating glycogen breakdown

8. The adrenal medulla produces which hormones?

• A) Cortisol and aldosterone
• B) Testosterone and estrogen
• C) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
• D) ADH and oxytocin

9. Cortisol is classified as a:

• A) Peptide hormone
• B) Glucocorticoid
• C) Mineralocorticoid
• D) Catecholamine

10. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?

• A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• B) Calcitonin raises it; PTH lowers it
• C) Insulin
• D) Aldosterone

11. Calcitonin is produced by the:

• A) Parathyroid glands
• B) Thyroid gland (parafollicular cells)
• C) Adrenal cortex
• D) Pituitary gland

12. The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces:

• A) Cortisol
• B) Sex hormones
• C) Aldosterone
• D) Epinephrine

,13. Which hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth of bones and
muscles?

• A) TSH
• B) ACTH
• C) Growth hormone (GH)
• D) Prolactin

14. Hypothyroidism in adults results in:

• A) Graves' disease
• B) Myxedema
• C) Gigantism
• D) Cushing's syndrome

15. Graves' disease is caused by:

• A) Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones
• B) Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones (autoimmune)
• C) Lack of iodine
• D) Tumor of the parathyroid

16. The pineal gland secretes:

• A) Serotonin
• B) Melatonin
• C) Dopamine
• D) Cortisol

17. Aldosterone acts on the:

• A) Liver
• B) Pancreas
• C) Distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
• D) Adrenal medulla

18. Which hormone promotes development of female secondary sex
characteristics?

• A) Estrogen
• B) Progesterone
• C) FSH
• D) LH

, 19. ACTH stimulates the:

• A) Thyroid gland
• B) Adrenal medulla
• C) Adrenal cortex
• D) Gonads

20. Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of:

• A) Insulin
• B) ADH
• C) Aldosterone
• D) Cortisol

21. The thymus gland produces:

• A) TSH
• B) Thymosins (for T-lymphocyte maturation)
• C) Aldosterone
• D) Melatonin

22. Which of the following is a water-soluble hormone?

• A) Testosterone
• B) Cortisol
• C) Epinephrine
• D) Estrogen

23. Which hormone opposes the effects of PTH?

• A) Aldosterone
• B) Calcitonin
• C) ADH
• D) Cortisol

24. Prolactin (PRL) stimulates:

• A) Ovulation
• B) Milk production
• C) Testosterone secretion
• D) Cortisol release

25. The process by which a hormone triggers a response via a second messenger
is called: