Students With Disabilities CST NYSTCE
(060) (2025/2026) Updated: EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GET IT RIGHT!!
mainstreaming - CORRECT ANSWERS-integrating students with disabilities or special
needs into the overall educational program
Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEIA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-federal
law that governs the education of children with disabilities
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-U.S.
legislation granting educational rights to people with cognitive, emotional, or physical
disabilities from birth until age 21; initially passed in 1975, it has been amended and
reauthorized in 1997 and again in 2004. IDEA operates under six basic principles: zero
reject, nondiscriminatory identification and evaluation, free and appropriate public
education, least restrictive environment, due process, and parent and student
participation in shared decision making with regard to educational planning.
Child Find - CORRECT ANSWERS-A function of each state, mandated by federal law,
to locate and refer individuals who might require special education
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Special education
and related services that (a) have been provided at public expense, under public
supervision and direction and without charge; (b) meet the standards of the state
educational agency; (c) include an appropriate preschool, elementary, or secondary
school education in the state involved; and (d) are provided in conformity with the
individualized education program
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a legal requirement that
children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in
which they can be expected to learn
Continuum of Services - CORRECT ANSWERS-matching the needs of the student with
an appropriate placement on an individual basis
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a legal document defining
the educational program and related services for a specific student who has a disability
,Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a written document
similar to an IEP that focuses on the family and the child's natural environment
Vocational Rehabilitation Act - CORRECT ANSWERS-prohibits discrimination on the
basis of physical or mental disabilities
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-helps
ensure the privacy of educational records such as IEPs
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-increases the
accountability of schools with respect to the academic progress of students with
disabilities
Committee on Special Education (CSE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-stores student special
education records, opens all initial referrals and assigns a CSE case number for public
school students. The CSE also manages all special education issues for non-public
schools (private, parochial) and charter schools
Committee on Preschool Special Education (CPSE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-for
children between the ages of 3 and 5
Procedural Safeguards - CORRECT ANSWERS-provisions of IDEA designed to protect
students and parents in the special education process
Due Process - CORRECT ANSWERS-refers to principles that attempt to guarantee the
rights of citizens
due process hearing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A procedure to resolve a conflict between
school and family over the evaluation, program, or placement of a student with a
disability
age of majority - CORRECT ANSWERS-the designated age at which an individual is
recognized as an adult
prereferral assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS-to help students who are struggling in
the general education setting before referring them for special education assessment
Response to Intervention (RTI) - CORRECT ANSWERS-an educational strategy
intended to help children who demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades,
using special intervention
self-reflection - CORRECT ANSWERS-the process of becoming aware of and analyzing
one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
,What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) - CORRECT ANSWERS-__________________ is
an example of a US government website that provides information about scientifically
based research of relevance to instructional practice.
US Department of Education - CORRECT ANSWERS-A government agency that
oversees education and federal student aid in the United States
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-offers programs, services, and a variety of resources that promote
inclusion, equity, and opportunity for students with disabilities
Council for Exceptional Children - CORRECT ANSWERS-An organization that was
founded in 1922 to advocate for all children with disabilities is called the
receptive language - CORRECT ANSWERS-ability to comprehend speech
expressive language - CORRECT ANSWERS-the ability to use sounds, signs, or
symbols to communicate meaning
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWERS-the study of speech sounds in language
phoneme - CORRECT ANSWERS-in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWERS-the set of rules by which we derive meaning from
morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWERS-sentence structure and word order
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWERS-study of form
Pragmatics (use) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the rules of language governing how
language is used for social purposes
orthography - CORRECT ANSWERS-the conventional spelling system of a language
Concepts of Print - CORRECT ANSWERS-Basic understanding about the way print
works including the direction of print, spacing, punctuation, letters, and words
Alphabetic knowledge - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ability to recognize, name, and
write letters
Alphabetic Principle - CORRECT ANSWERS-an understanding that letters and letter
patterns represent the sounds of spoken words
phonological awareness - CORRECT ANSWERS-the ability to reflect on and
manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
, Decoding - CORRECT ANSWERS-sounding out words
fluency - CORRECT ANSWERS-smoothness of speech
Pre-alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-Children can identify words, but they do
so by treating words as visual objects, rather than applying letter-sound associations
Partial Alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-children know some letters and
letter-sound associations and can use them along with context clues
Full alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-children apply alphabet knowledge
systematically when decoding and often decode words letter by letter
consolidated alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-recurring letter patterns
become consolidated. Rather than sounding out words letter by letter, children
recognize that certain groups of letters function as units
Digraphs - CORRECT ANSWERS-pairs of letters that represent a single sound like "sh"
and "oo"
consonant clusters - CORRECT ANSWERS-pairs of consonants that appear together in
a syllable, but do not represent a single sound "rk" in bark
syllables - CORRECT ANSWERS-units of pronunciation containing one vowel sound
rimes - CORRECT ANSWERS-part of syllables consisting of the vowel and any
consonant that follows
Onsets - CORRECT ANSWERS-the parts of syllables that precede the vowel
Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWERS-the smallest units of meaning in a language
dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-a learning disability that results in difficulty reading
and writing
symptoms of dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-difficulty recognizing familiar words,
inability to decode unfamiliar words, difficulty segmenting words into phonemes,
difficulty identifying or creating rhymes, seeing letters or words in reverse, seeing letters
move or blur, etc.
13 categories of disabilities - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Auditory impairment (0-21)
2. Autism
3. Deaf-blindness (0-21)
4. Emotional Disturbance
5. Intellectual disability (4 levels ranging from mild to severe to profound)
(060) (2025/2026) Updated: EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GET IT RIGHT!!
mainstreaming - CORRECT ANSWERS-integrating students with disabilities or special
needs into the overall educational program
Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEIA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-federal
law that governs the education of children with disabilities
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-U.S.
legislation granting educational rights to people with cognitive, emotional, or physical
disabilities from birth until age 21; initially passed in 1975, it has been amended and
reauthorized in 1997 and again in 2004. IDEA operates under six basic principles: zero
reject, nondiscriminatory identification and evaluation, free and appropriate public
education, least restrictive environment, due process, and parent and student
participation in shared decision making with regard to educational planning.
Child Find - CORRECT ANSWERS-A function of each state, mandated by federal law,
to locate and refer individuals who might require special education
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Special education
and related services that (a) have been provided at public expense, under public
supervision and direction and without charge; (b) meet the standards of the state
educational agency; (c) include an appropriate preschool, elementary, or secondary
school education in the state involved; and (d) are provided in conformity with the
individualized education program
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a legal requirement that
children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in
which they can be expected to learn
Continuum of Services - CORRECT ANSWERS-matching the needs of the student with
an appropriate placement on an individual basis
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a legal document defining
the educational program and related services for a specific student who has a disability
,Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a written document
similar to an IEP that focuses on the family and the child's natural environment
Vocational Rehabilitation Act - CORRECT ANSWERS-prohibits discrimination on the
basis of physical or mental disabilities
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-helps
ensure the privacy of educational records such as IEPs
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - CORRECT ANSWERS-increases the
accountability of schools with respect to the academic progress of students with
disabilities
Committee on Special Education (CSE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-stores student special
education records, opens all initial referrals and assigns a CSE case number for public
school students. The CSE also manages all special education issues for non-public
schools (private, parochial) and charter schools
Committee on Preschool Special Education (CPSE) - CORRECT ANSWERS-for
children between the ages of 3 and 5
Procedural Safeguards - CORRECT ANSWERS-provisions of IDEA designed to protect
students and parents in the special education process
Due Process - CORRECT ANSWERS-refers to principles that attempt to guarantee the
rights of citizens
due process hearing - CORRECT ANSWERS-A procedure to resolve a conflict between
school and family over the evaluation, program, or placement of a student with a
disability
age of majority - CORRECT ANSWERS-the designated age at which an individual is
recognized as an adult
prereferral assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS-to help students who are struggling in
the general education setting before referring them for special education assessment
Response to Intervention (RTI) - CORRECT ANSWERS-an educational strategy
intended to help children who demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades,
using special intervention
self-reflection - CORRECT ANSWERS-the process of becoming aware of and analyzing
one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
,What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) - CORRECT ANSWERS-__________________ is
an example of a US government website that provides information about scientifically
based research of relevance to instructional practice.
US Department of Education - CORRECT ANSWERS-A government agency that
oversees education and federal student aid in the United States
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-offers programs, services, and a variety of resources that promote
inclusion, equity, and opportunity for students with disabilities
Council for Exceptional Children - CORRECT ANSWERS-An organization that was
founded in 1922 to advocate for all children with disabilities is called the
receptive language - CORRECT ANSWERS-ability to comprehend speech
expressive language - CORRECT ANSWERS-the ability to use sounds, signs, or
symbols to communicate meaning
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWERS-the study of speech sounds in language
phoneme - CORRECT ANSWERS-in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWERS-the set of rules by which we derive meaning from
morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWERS-sentence structure and word order
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWERS-study of form
Pragmatics (use) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the rules of language governing how
language is used for social purposes
orthography - CORRECT ANSWERS-the conventional spelling system of a language
Concepts of Print - CORRECT ANSWERS-Basic understanding about the way print
works including the direction of print, spacing, punctuation, letters, and words
Alphabetic knowledge - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ability to recognize, name, and
write letters
Alphabetic Principle - CORRECT ANSWERS-an understanding that letters and letter
patterns represent the sounds of spoken words
phonological awareness - CORRECT ANSWERS-the ability to reflect on and
manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
, Decoding - CORRECT ANSWERS-sounding out words
fluency - CORRECT ANSWERS-smoothness of speech
Pre-alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-Children can identify words, but they do
so by treating words as visual objects, rather than applying letter-sound associations
Partial Alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-children know some letters and
letter-sound associations and can use them along with context clues
Full alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-children apply alphabet knowledge
systematically when decoding and often decode words letter by letter
consolidated alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-recurring letter patterns
become consolidated. Rather than sounding out words letter by letter, children
recognize that certain groups of letters function as units
Digraphs - CORRECT ANSWERS-pairs of letters that represent a single sound like "sh"
and "oo"
consonant clusters - CORRECT ANSWERS-pairs of consonants that appear together in
a syllable, but do not represent a single sound "rk" in bark
syllables - CORRECT ANSWERS-units of pronunciation containing one vowel sound
rimes - CORRECT ANSWERS-part of syllables consisting of the vowel and any
consonant that follows
Onsets - CORRECT ANSWERS-the parts of syllables that precede the vowel
Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWERS-the smallest units of meaning in a language
dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-a learning disability that results in difficulty reading
and writing
symptoms of dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWERS-difficulty recognizing familiar words,
inability to decode unfamiliar words, difficulty segmenting words into phonemes,
difficulty identifying or creating rhymes, seeing letters or words in reverse, seeing letters
move or blur, etc.
13 categories of disabilities - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Auditory impairment (0-21)
2. Autism
3. Deaf-blindness (0-21)
4. Emotional Disturbance
5. Intellectual disability (4 levels ranging from mild to severe to profound)
