2026 BIOD 102 Module 5 Exam Portage Learning Questions
and Answers 2026
Section 1: Enzymes & Bioenergetics (1–10)
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
1. A) Increasing the temperature of the cell
2. B) Lowering the activation energy
3. C) Changing the equilibrium point
4. D) Adding more substrate
5. Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce the energy
"barrier" required for a reaction to begin.
2. The specific location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called the:
1. A) Allosteric site
2. B) Active site
3. C) Coenzyme
4. D) Feedback loop
5. Rationale: The active site is a uniquely shaped pocket that fits a specific
substrate (the "Lock and Key" model).
3. Which type of inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to a site other than the
active site, changing the enzyme's shape?
1. A) Competitive inhibition
2. B) Non-competitive (Allosteric) inhibition
3. C) Substrate activation
4. D) Hydrolysis
, 5. Rationale: By binding elsewhere, the inhibitor distorts the enzyme so the
substrate no longer fits.
4. "Exergonic" reactions are those that:
1. A) Absorb energy from the surroundings
2. B) Release energy (ΔG is negative)
3. C) Only happen in plants
4. D) Require ATP to start
5. Rationale: Exergonic reactions, like cellular respiration, release free
energy that the cell can use.
5. A "Cofactor" is usually a(n) ________, while a "Coenzyme" is a(n) ________.
1. A) Protein; Lipid
2. B) Inorganic ion (like Mg2+); Organic molecule (like a Vitamin)
3. C) Enzyme; Substrate
4. D) Sugar; Acid
5. Rationale: Cofactors are often metal ions, whereas coenzymes are non-
protein organic helpers.
6. In a metabolic pathway, the final product often inhibits the first enzyme in the
chain. This is called:
1. A) Positive reinforcement
2. B) Feedback inhibition
3. C) Denaturation
4. D) Dehydration synthesis
5. Rationale: This prevents the cell from wasting resources by making more
of a product than it currently needs.
7. When an enzyme is exposed to extreme heat or pH, it loses its 3D shape and
function. This is called:
, 1. A) Renaturation
2. B) Denaturation
3. C) Activation
4. D) Splicing
5. Rationale: The unfolding of the protein structure destroys the active site.
8. ATP provides energy to drive "Endergonic" reactions through a process called:
1. A) Diffusion
2. B) Phosphorylation (transferring a phosphate group)
3. C) Osmosis
4. D) Hydrogen bonding
5. Rationale: By transferring a phosphate to a molecule, ATP makes that
molecule less stable and more reactive.
9. The "Induced Fit" model suggests that:
1. A) The enzyme is a rigid lock
2. B) The enzyme changes shape slightly to wrap around the substrate
more tightly
3. C) Substrates are made of metal
4. D) Enzymes only work in the dark
5. Rationale: This model is a more accurate update to the "lock and key"
idea, showing enzyme flexibility.
10. Oxidation is the ________ of electrons, while Reduction is the ________ of
electrons.
1. A) Loss; Gain
2. B) Gain; Loss
3. C) Creation; Destruction
, 4. D) Heating; Cooling
5. Rationale: Remember the acronym "OIL RIG" (Oxidation Is Loss,
Reduction Is Gain).
Section 2: Cellular Respiration & Glycolysis (11–25)
11. What is the primary "energy currency" of the cell produced during respiration?
1. A) Glucose
2. B) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
3. C) NADH
4. D) Pyruvate
5. Rationale: ATP stores energy in high-energy phosphate bonds that can be
easily broken for cellular work.
12. Where in the cell does Glycolysis take place?
1. A) Mitochondrial matrix
2. B) Cytosol (Cytoplasm)
3. C) Inner mitochondrial membrane
4. D) Chloroplast
5. Rationale: Glycolysis is the only stage of respiration that occurs outside
the mitochondria and does not require oxygen.
13. What are the final products of Glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?
1. A) 1 Pyruvate, 1 ATP
2. B) 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, and a net gain of 2 ATP
3. C) 6 CO2 and 36 ATP
4. D) Lactic acid and Oxygen
5. Rationale: While 4 ATP are made, 2 are "spent" in the investment phase,
leaving a net gain of 2.
and Answers 2026
Section 1: Enzymes & Bioenergetics (1–10)
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
1. A) Increasing the temperature of the cell
2. B) Lowering the activation energy
3. C) Changing the equilibrium point
4. D) Adding more substrate
5. Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce the energy
"barrier" required for a reaction to begin.
2. The specific location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called the:
1. A) Allosteric site
2. B) Active site
3. C) Coenzyme
4. D) Feedback loop
5. Rationale: The active site is a uniquely shaped pocket that fits a specific
substrate (the "Lock and Key" model).
3. Which type of inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to a site other than the
active site, changing the enzyme's shape?
1. A) Competitive inhibition
2. B) Non-competitive (Allosteric) inhibition
3. C) Substrate activation
4. D) Hydrolysis
, 5. Rationale: By binding elsewhere, the inhibitor distorts the enzyme so the
substrate no longer fits.
4. "Exergonic" reactions are those that:
1. A) Absorb energy from the surroundings
2. B) Release energy (ΔG is negative)
3. C) Only happen in plants
4. D) Require ATP to start
5. Rationale: Exergonic reactions, like cellular respiration, release free
energy that the cell can use.
5. A "Cofactor" is usually a(n) ________, while a "Coenzyme" is a(n) ________.
1. A) Protein; Lipid
2. B) Inorganic ion (like Mg2+); Organic molecule (like a Vitamin)
3. C) Enzyme; Substrate
4. D) Sugar; Acid
5. Rationale: Cofactors are often metal ions, whereas coenzymes are non-
protein organic helpers.
6. In a metabolic pathway, the final product often inhibits the first enzyme in the
chain. This is called:
1. A) Positive reinforcement
2. B) Feedback inhibition
3. C) Denaturation
4. D) Dehydration synthesis
5. Rationale: This prevents the cell from wasting resources by making more
of a product than it currently needs.
7. When an enzyme is exposed to extreme heat or pH, it loses its 3D shape and
function. This is called:
, 1. A) Renaturation
2. B) Denaturation
3. C) Activation
4. D) Splicing
5. Rationale: The unfolding of the protein structure destroys the active site.
8. ATP provides energy to drive "Endergonic" reactions through a process called:
1. A) Diffusion
2. B) Phosphorylation (transferring a phosphate group)
3. C) Osmosis
4. D) Hydrogen bonding
5. Rationale: By transferring a phosphate to a molecule, ATP makes that
molecule less stable and more reactive.
9. The "Induced Fit" model suggests that:
1. A) The enzyme is a rigid lock
2. B) The enzyme changes shape slightly to wrap around the substrate
more tightly
3. C) Substrates are made of metal
4. D) Enzymes only work in the dark
5. Rationale: This model is a more accurate update to the "lock and key"
idea, showing enzyme flexibility.
10. Oxidation is the ________ of electrons, while Reduction is the ________ of
electrons.
1. A) Loss; Gain
2. B) Gain; Loss
3. C) Creation; Destruction
, 4. D) Heating; Cooling
5. Rationale: Remember the acronym "OIL RIG" (Oxidation Is Loss,
Reduction Is Gain).
Section 2: Cellular Respiration & Glycolysis (11–25)
11. What is the primary "energy currency" of the cell produced during respiration?
1. A) Glucose
2. B) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
3. C) NADH
4. D) Pyruvate
5. Rationale: ATP stores energy in high-energy phosphate bonds that can be
easily broken for cellular work.
12. Where in the cell does Glycolysis take place?
1. A) Mitochondrial matrix
2. B) Cytosol (Cytoplasm)
3. C) Inner mitochondrial membrane
4. D) Chloroplast
5. Rationale: Glycolysis is the only stage of respiration that occurs outside
the mitochondria and does not require oxygen.
13. What are the final products of Glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?
1. A) 1 Pyruvate, 1 ATP
2. B) 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, and a net gain of 2 ATP
3. C) 6 CO2 and 36 ATP
4. D) Lactic acid and Oxygen
5. Rationale: While 4 ATP are made, 2 are "spent" in the investment phase,
leaving a net gain of 2.
