2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1 COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST
TESTED REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST
EXAM
What is another word for antimicrobial?
Antibiotics
What should be done before starting empiric antibiotics?
BLOOD CULTURES
-need to figure out what the pathogen is and what it is susceptible to
What can be used to find out what pathogen is causing an infection in
someone you can't get blood cultures on?
PCR and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF)
mass spectrometry
-allows you to obtain accurate and rapid identification of the organism
When is empiric antibiotic therapy needed?
-Acutely ill patients with fever of unknown origin
-Neutropenic patients
-Meningitis patients
-Other severely ill patients that require immediate therapy
1/39
,2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What influences the type of empiric antibiotic chosen?
-Site of infection
-Patient history
-Local susceptibility patterns
-Known association of a particular organism in a given clinical setting (EX:
MRSA in gyms)
What organisms do not have predictable susceptibility patterns?
-Gram negative bacilli
-Enterococci
-Staphylococcus
2/39
,2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What do bacteriostatic antibiotics do?
Arrests bacterial growth and replication
-most of these agents are able to kill bacteria but because they don't meet the
cut-off value that was set they are only considered bacteriostatic
What are bactericidal antibiotics?
Antibiotics that are able to effectively kill greater than or equal to 99% within 18-
24 hours
T/F: It is possible for a drug to be bacteriostatic for one microbe and bactericidal
for another.
True
What is the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
Quantitative measure of in vitro susceptibility
-lowest antibiotic concentration that prevents visible growth of a microbe after
24 hours of incubation
What is the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)?
Lowest concentration of antibiotics that results in a 99.9% decline in colony count
after overnight broth dilution incubations
3/39
, 2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What are some natural barriers to drug delivery found in the body?
-Prostate
-Testicles
-Placenta
-Vitreous
-CNS
-Blood-brain barrier
What is needed for an antibiotic to pass through the blood-brain barrier?
-Lipophilic (lipid soluble)
-Low molecular weight (small)
What can cause the blood brain barrier to not function as effectively and allow
antibiotics that normally couldn't cross to cross?
Brain inflammation
What can restrict a drug's ability to cross into the CSF?
Highly bound to protein
Which antibiotics cross better into the CNS?
-Antibiotics that have an affinity for transporter mechanisms
-Antibiotics that don't have an affinity for efflux pumps
How are penicillin G and V made?
Via fermented fungus from penicillin chrysogenum
4/39
Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1 COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST
TESTED REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST
EXAM
What is another word for antimicrobial?
Antibiotics
What should be done before starting empiric antibiotics?
BLOOD CULTURES
-need to figure out what the pathogen is and what it is susceptible to
What can be used to find out what pathogen is causing an infection in
someone you can't get blood cultures on?
PCR and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF)
mass spectrometry
-allows you to obtain accurate and rapid identification of the organism
When is empiric antibiotic therapy needed?
-Acutely ill patients with fever of unknown origin
-Neutropenic patients
-Meningitis patients
-Other severely ill patients that require immediate therapy
1/39
,2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What influences the type of empiric antibiotic chosen?
-Site of infection
-Patient history
-Local susceptibility patterns
-Known association of a particular organism in a given clinical setting (EX:
MRSA in gyms)
What organisms do not have predictable susceptibility patterns?
-Gram negative bacilli
-Enterococci
-Staphylococcus
2/39
,2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What do bacteriostatic antibiotics do?
Arrests bacterial growth and replication
-most of these agents are able to kill bacteria but because they don't meet the
cut-off value that was set they are only considered bacteriostatic
What are bactericidal antibiotics?
Antibiotics that are able to effectively kill greater than or equal to 99% within 18-
24 hours
T/F: It is possible for a drug to be bacteriostatic for one microbe and bactericidal
for another.
True
What is the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
Quantitative measure of in vitro susceptibility
-lowest antibiotic concentration that prevents visible growth of a microbe after
24 hours of incubation
What is the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)?
Lowest concentration of antibiotics that results in a 99.9% decline in colony count
after overnight broth dilution incubations
3/39
, 2/24/26, 8:52 PM Antimicrobial Therapies Part 1
What are some natural barriers to drug delivery found in the body?
-Prostate
-Testicles
-Placenta
-Vitreous
-CNS
-Blood-brain barrier
What is needed for an antibiotic to pass through the blood-brain barrier?
-Lipophilic (lipid soluble)
-Low molecular weight (small)
What can cause the blood brain barrier to not function as effectively and allow
antibiotics that normally couldn't cross to cross?
Brain inflammation
What can restrict a drug's ability to cross into the CSF?
Highly bound to protein
Which antibiotics cross better into the CNS?
-Antibiotics that have an affinity for transporter mechanisms
-Antibiotics that don't have an affinity for efflux pumps
How are penicillin G and V made?
Via fermented fungus from penicillin chrysogenum
4/39
