BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 1: PRINCIPLES
OF BIOLOGY II (LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS | GRADE A |
100% CORRECT
AT UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT
(UCONN)
BIO 1108 (HERRICK): PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY II
1. What are two factors that contribute to phenotype?
Answer: Genotype and environment
2. What was required for the evolution of complex multicellularity?
Answer: Oxygen
3. Evo-devo
Answer: Evolutionary-developmental biology; seeks to understand how genes
underpin evolutionary changes
4. Species
Answer: Individuals that are able to exchange genetic material
5. Gene pool
Answer: All alleles present in individuals of that species
6. Populations
Answer: Interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same
geographical area
7. Meristems
Answer: Populations of actively dividing cells at the tips of stem/root
8. What ways have an animal cell’s mobility relative to one another shaped
their development?
Answer:
1. Fertilized eggs undergo several rounds of mitosis to form a blastula (hollow ball,
single layer of undifferentiated cells)
, 2. Blastulas migrate and fold in at one location to form a second layer; the
multilayered structure is now called a gastrula
3. Since they are not constrained by cell walls, animals can form organs with
moving parts—muscles that power active transport of food and liquids and allow
movement
4. When faced with environmental challenges, animals can respond by changing
behavior (e.g., fleeing)
9. What are two main sources that lead to genetic variation?
Answer: Mutation and recombination
10. What can somatic mutations lead to?
Answer: Cancer, disease, and even death to an individual
11. What can germ line mutations lead to?
Answer: Mutations that are passed down to offspring
12. Recombination: name two ways it can occur
Answer: New alleles may be generated through crossing over and independent
assortment
13. Allele frequency
Answer: Rate of occurrence of alleles in a population
14. Gene locus
Answer: The location of a certain gene/allele
15. Allele
Answer: A form of a gene; one copy of a gene (example: A, a)
16. How is genetic variation measured?
Answer: Through the allele frequency equation
17. What is the allele frequency equation?
Answer: AF = (# of copies of an allele) / (total # of alleles in population)
18. Evolution
Answer: Change in allele frequency or genotype frequency over time
19. How is evolution measured?
Answer: Examinable physical traits, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequences, and most
importantly, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
20. What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model describe?
Answer: The situation in which evolution does NOT occur
OF BIOLOGY II (LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATE)
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS | GRADE A |
100% CORRECT
AT UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT
(UCONN)
BIO 1108 (HERRICK): PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY II
1. What are two factors that contribute to phenotype?
Answer: Genotype and environment
2. What was required for the evolution of complex multicellularity?
Answer: Oxygen
3. Evo-devo
Answer: Evolutionary-developmental biology; seeks to understand how genes
underpin evolutionary changes
4. Species
Answer: Individuals that are able to exchange genetic material
5. Gene pool
Answer: All alleles present in individuals of that species
6. Populations
Answer: Interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same
geographical area
7. Meristems
Answer: Populations of actively dividing cells at the tips of stem/root
8. What ways have an animal cell’s mobility relative to one another shaped
their development?
Answer:
1. Fertilized eggs undergo several rounds of mitosis to form a blastula (hollow ball,
single layer of undifferentiated cells)
, 2. Blastulas migrate and fold in at one location to form a second layer; the
multilayered structure is now called a gastrula
3. Since they are not constrained by cell walls, animals can form organs with
moving parts—muscles that power active transport of food and liquids and allow
movement
4. When faced with environmental challenges, animals can respond by changing
behavior (e.g., fleeing)
9. What are two main sources that lead to genetic variation?
Answer: Mutation and recombination
10. What can somatic mutations lead to?
Answer: Cancer, disease, and even death to an individual
11. What can germ line mutations lead to?
Answer: Mutations that are passed down to offspring
12. Recombination: name two ways it can occur
Answer: New alleles may be generated through crossing over and independent
assortment
13. Allele frequency
Answer: Rate of occurrence of alleles in a population
14. Gene locus
Answer: The location of a certain gene/allele
15. Allele
Answer: A form of a gene; one copy of a gene (example: A, a)
16. How is genetic variation measured?
Answer: Through the allele frequency equation
17. What is the allele frequency equation?
Answer: AF = (# of copies of an allele) / (total # of alleles in population)
18. Evolution
Answer: Change in allele frequency or genotype frequency over time
19. How is evolution measured?
Answer: Examinable physical traits, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequences, and most
importantly, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
20. What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model describe?
Answer: The situation in which evolution does NOT occur
